The modifiers for anesthesia are located in Current
Procedural Terminology (CPT) manual. This was developed by the American Society
of Anesthesiologist in order to help coders to distinguished between different levels of complexity of
anesthesia service by the help of physical status modifiers or P modifiers for
each patient. Then the coder will attached it on claim forms after the
procedure code.
In addition, all anesthesia services are
reported with the five-digit procedure code and the addition of a physical
status modifier.
Under the principle of beneficence, researchers must also protect participants from exploitation. Any information provided by participants through their study involvement must be protected.
