Cell membraine i hope that help
Answer:
Mechanical barriers — which include the skin , mucous membranes , and fluids such as tears and urine — physically block pathogens from entering the body. Chemical barriers — such as enzymes in sweat , saliva , and semen — kill pathogens on body surfaces.
Functional and economically most important mineral in nutrition of layers
is calcium, primary because of egg production, i.e. forming of the egg shell.
Answer:
Hemophilia is a x-linked recessive inherited bleeding disorder. in this disease blood does not clot properly due to the decreased level of blood clotting factor VIII (8) or factor IX (9).
In x-linked recessive condition, the disease is transmitted from father (affected male) to his daughter and mother (affected female) to her son and skip of generation getting affected is also occurs.
- there will be 50% chance of her (S.R.) each son to be affected with hemophilia.
Explanation:
Hemophilia is caused due to mutation of one gene which is responsible for the making of proteins of blood coagulation factor viii or ix. the affected person bleeds continuously from any injury and that can cause serious issues.
here,
grandfather of s.r is affected (xₐy) and grandmother is normal (xx) will produce
↓
s.r's mother who is a carrier (xₐx) [as xₐy and xx will produce 100% carrier xₐx daughter]
↓
s.r's mother is a carrier (xₐx) but her father is normal (xy) will produce,
↓
s.r who has 50% chance of being carrier (xₐx) and 50% chance of being normal (xx) [as she is the only child] and she has a normal (xy) partner, they will give,
↓
- if s.r is a carrier (xₐx) then one of her son will be affected (xₐy) [as xₐx and xy =xₐy]
- if s.r is normal (xx) then her son will be normal (xy) [as xx and xy will give xy]
here,<u> 50% chance of her son to be affected with hemophilia</u> [as S.R of being affected is more considerable].
A stored form of carbohydrate in animals' muscle and liver is glycogen.
Glycogen is a polysaccharide (starch) made of repeating units of glucoses bonded together.
