Answer:
The disruption of the bonds or attractions occurs during protein hydrolysis which results in the loss for the primacy structure. The peptide bonds is the bond affected in this scenario.
The disruption of the bonds however only exist in the process of denaturation and this results in a change in the confirmation which could be secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structural related. And example of the bonds affected include salt bridges, disulfide bridges, hydrogen bonds etc.
Answer:
macro-evolution
Explanation:
This happens when evolution occurs because of separation of a population.
Answer:
Let the sum of moments about a reaction point equal to ZERO (ΣM = 0) ...
Let the sum of vertical forces equal to 0 (ΣFy = 0)
Explanation:
The answer is; Relative dating
This type of dating is not concerned with determining the absolute age of rock. It compares between rock layer and determines which is younger or older in comparison. Therefore relative dating is significant in arranging geologic events based on the stratigraphy of rock layers.