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Juli2301 [7.4K]
3 years ago
11

Phosphoric acid h3po4 is an important industrial chemical used in fertilizers, detergents, and the food industry. it is produced

by two different methods. In the electric furnace method elemental phosphorus P4 is in air to form P4O10, which is then combined with water to give H3PO4. In the wet process the mineral phosphate rock Ca5(PO4)3F is combined with sulfuric acid to give H3PO4 and HF and CaSO4.
Write equations for these processes, and classify each step as preciptation, acid-base, or redox reaction
Chemistry
1 answer:
kenny6666 [7]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

1)   P₄ + 5O₂ → P₄O₁₀  redox reaction

2)   P₄O₁₀ + 6H₂O → 4H₃PO₄  acid-base reaction

3)   Ca₅(PO₄)₃F + 5H₂SO₄ → 3H₃PO₄ + HF + 5CaSO₄  precipitation reaction

Explanation:

The reactions that take place in the <u>electric furnace method</u> are:

1)   P₄ + 5O₂ → P₄O₁₀

This is a redox reaction, because the oxidation state of the reactants is changed.

2)   P₄O₁₀ + 6H₂O → 4H₃PO₄

This is an acid-base reaction, because there's an exchange of H⁺ species.

The reaction that takes place in the <u>wet process</u> is:

3)   Ca₅(PO₄)₃F + 5H₂SO₄ → 3H₃PO₄ + HF + 5CaSO₄

This is an precipitation reaction, because a precipitate (a solid phase in a liquid phase) is formed.

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Gaseous butane, CH3(CH2)2CH, reacts with gaseous oxygen gas, O2, to produce gaseous carbon dioxide, CO2, and gaseous water, H2O.
weeeeeb [17]

Answer:

Percentage yield of carbon dioxide is 49.9%

Explanation:

We'll begin by writing the balanced equation for the reaction. This is illustrated below:

2CH3(CH2)2CH3 + 13O2 —> 8CO2 + 10H2O

OR

2C4H10 + 13O2 —> 8CO2 + 10H2O

Next, we shall determine the masses of butane and oxygen that reacted and the mass of carbon dioxide produced from the balanced equation. This is illustrated below:

Molar mass of butane C4H10 = (12×4) + (10×1)

= 48 + 10

= 58 g/mol

Mass of C4H10 from the balanced equation = 2 × 58 = 116 g

Molar mass of O2 = 16 × 2 = 32 g/mol

Mass of O2 from the balanced equation = 13 × 32 = 416 g

Molar mass of CO2 = 12 + (16×2)

= 12 + 32

= 44 g/mol

Mass of CO2 from the balanced equation = 8 × 44 = 352 g

Summary:

From the balanced equation above,

116 g of butane reacted with 416 g of oxygen to produce 352 g of carbon dioxide.

Next, we shall determine the limiting reactant. This can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

116 g of butane reacted with 416 g of oxygen.

Therefore, 34.29 g of butane will react with = (34.29 × 416) / 116 = 122.97 g of oxygen.

From the calculation made above, we can see clearly that only 122.97 g out of 165.7 g of oxygen reacted completely with 34.29 g of butane. Therefore, butane is the limiting reactant and oxygen is the excess reactant.

Next, we shall determine the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide.

In this case, we shall use the limiting reactant because it will give the maximum yield of carbon dioxide as all of it is used up in the reaction.

The limiting reactant is butane and the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide can be obtained as follow:

From the balanced equation above,

116 g of butane reacted to produce 352 g of carbon dioxide.

Therefore, 34.29 g of butane will react to produce = (34.29 × 352) / 116 = 104.05 g of carbon dioxide.

Therefore, the theoretical yield of carbon dioxide is 104.05 g

Finally, we shall determine the percentage yield of carbon dioxide as follow:

Actual yield of carbon dioxide = 51.9 g

Theoretical yield of carbon dioxide = 104.05 g

Percentage yield of carbon dioxide =?

Percentage yield = Actual yield /Theoretical yield × 100

Percentage yield of carbon dioxide = 51.9 / 104.05 × 100

Percentage yield of carbon dioxide = 49.9%

7 0
3 years ago
Difference between---<br> soap and detergent
guapka [62]

Answer:

"Soaps are made from natural ingredients, such as plant oils (coconut, vegetable, palm, pine) or acids derived from animal fat. Detergents, on the other hand, are synthetic, man-made derivatives. While soap is limited in its applications, detergents can be formulated to include other ingredients for all sorts of cleaning purposes. Perhaps the most common and versatile of these ingredients are surfactants … surface active agents.

The main difference between soap and detergent is the ingredients. Soaps are made with biodegradable ingredients such as oils, lye and fats. ... Both clean clothes well, but detergents are more effective on stains and with brightening clothes. However, soap is kinder on the environment and skin. "

Hope this helps

Excerpt from textbook

8 0
2 years ago
Earth's atmosphere, which traps heat and radiation from the sun, helps to keep our temperature somewhat stable, even when we are
Elis [28]

Answer:

It is true

Explanation:

6 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Which best describes the transition from gas to liquid?
Keith_Richards [23]

a) the kinetic energy decreases as in a gas, the particles are widespread and move freely but in a liquid, their movement is more limited

3 0
3 years ago
Early life arose in an oxygen-free environment, but if any of these microbes had somehow come in contact with oxygen, the most l
Leya [2.2K]

Answer:

the effect of oxygen on these types of microbes is it will kill them.

Explanation:

When oxygen present in the environment come in contact with anaerobe bacteria it kill them because oxygen in air act as excited oxygen singlet molecule which will react with the water present in the cell of bacteria and convert it into hydrogen peroxides and bacteria do not have any defense system from hydrogen peroxide and ultimately it kill the bacteria.

7 0
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