0.3147 concentration (in moles/l) of a saline (NaCl) solution will provide an isotonic eyedrop solution.
Isotonic eye drops
Because it might result in eye discomfort or tissue damage if it is not maintained, isotonicity is regarded as a crucial component of ophthalmic medicines. A few drops of blood are mixed with the test preparation before being examined and judged under a microscope at a magnification of 40. Isotonic solutions are those that have the same amount of water and other solutes in them as the cytoplasm of a cell. Since there is no net gain or loss of water, placing cells in an isotonic solution will not cause them to either shrink or swell.
We can calculate the osmotic pressure exerted by a solution using the following expression.
π = M . R . T
where,
π is the osmotic pressure
M is the molar concentration of the solution
R is the ideal gas constant
T is the absolute temperature
The absolute temperature is 37 + 273 = 310 K
π = M . R . T
8 = (X mol/L) . (0.082atm.L/mol.K) . 310 K = 0.3147 mol/L
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Jellyfish reproduction<span> involves several different stages. In the adult, or medusa, stage of a </span>jellyfish<span>, they can </span>reproduce<span>sexually by releasing sperm and eggs into the water, forming a planula. ... During this stage, which can last for several months or years, asexual </span>reproduction<span> occurs.</span>
Toxicants generally follow the Law of Diffusion , moving from areas of high concentration to areas of lower concentration.
<h3><u>What are Toxicants ?</u></h3>
Any hazardous chemical is a toxicant. Both naturally occurring and artificial toxicants have the potential to be harmful. A toxin, in contrast, is a poison created spontaneously by an organism (e.g. plant, animal, insect). The many toxicant categories may be present in the air, land, water, or food.
A substance is toxic if it has the potential to be harmful or have negative effects on health. Chemicals like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dioxin, which are present at some hazardous waste sites, often cause people to worry.
<h3><u>What is the Law of Diffusion ?</u></h3>
Graham's law of diffusion states that the ratio of the diffusion rate of two gases is the same as the ratio of the square root of the molar mass of the gases.
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Zeff = Z - S
Here, Z is the number of protons in the nucleus, that is, atomic number, and S is the number of nonvalence electrons.
For boron, the electronic configuration is 1s₂ 2s₂ 2p₄
Z = 5, S = 2
Zeff = 5-2 = +3
For O, electronic configuration is 1s₂ 2s₂ 2p₄
Z = 8, S = 2
Zeff = 8-2 = +6
Hence, the correct answer is second option, that is, +3 and +6, the Zeff of boron is smaller in comparison to O, thus, boron exhibits a bigger size than O.
A pure substance<span> has a definite and constant composition. A pure substance can be either an element or a compound, but the composition of a pure substance doesn’t vary.</span> Ex: salt or sugar<span>
</span>Mixtures are physical combinations of pure substances that have no definite or constant composition — the composition of a mixture varies according to who prepares the mixture. Ex: sand mixed with salt
