In resonance structures, the chemical connectivity in the molecule is same but the distribution of electrons are different around the structure. They are created by moving electrons in double or triple bonds, and not atoms.
Phenol, 
and methanol, 
both are alcohols that contain an 
group attached to carbon atom.
Due to loss of 1 
from phenol, it forms phenoxide anion and due to presence of double bond in the benzene ring the negative charge on the oxygen atom (which represents electrons) will resonate with double bonds of benzene ring as shown in the image. The resonance-stabilized phenoxide ion is more stable. Whereas when methanol lose 1 it forms methoxide anion and there are no such electrons present in the structure of methoxide that will result in the movement of electron. Since, due to resonance-stabilized phenoxide ion is more stable than methoxide ion, so it is a stronger acid.
The structures of the anions resulting from loss of 1 from phenol and methanol is shown in the image.
The answer would be potassium nitrate.
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Answer: the correct option is 1 (It ensures that the ester is uncharged and therefore insoluble in water so that the product can be filtered.)
Explanation:
Esters are formed through a process known as esterification. This involves the heating of a carboxylic acid with an alcohol while the water formed is continuously removed. In order for the reaction to occur at a maximum rate, an acidic catalyst is used. The most common acid catalysts includes:
- hydrochloric acid and
-sulfuric acid.
These catalyst needs to be neutralized in order to isolate the product. This is so because the solution begins to precipitate when the reaction mixture is neutralized.
Thus it is important neutralize the moisture in order to filter out the ester from the mixture, which otherwise will be in a dissolved state and will not be recoverable.
