Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
We know that water begins to expand at 4°C. This is generally referred to as the anomalous behavior of water.
The implication of this is that ice has a greater volume than water. Thus ice is less dense than liquid water.
n-butyl alcohol has much less density than water. This accounts for the fact that water upon freezing breaks the bottle while n butyl alcholol leads to a container with concave walls.
Hence the density of ice is much higher than the density of n butyl alcohol.
Consider the halogenation of ethene is as follows:
CH₂=CH₂(g) + X₂(g) → H₂CX-CH₂X(g)
We can expect that this reaction occurring by breaking of a C=C bond and forming of two C-X bonds.
When bond break it is endothermic and when bond is formed it is exothermic.
So we can calculate the overall enthalpy change as a sum of the required bonds in the products:
Part a)
C=C break = +611 kJ
2 C-F formed = (2 * - 552) = -1104 kJ
Δ H = + 611 - 1104 = - 493 kJ
2C-Cl formed = (2 * -339) = - 678 kJ
ΔH = + 611 - 678 = -67 kJ
2 C-Br formed = (2 * -280) = -560 kJ
ΔH = + 611 - 560 = + 51 kJ
2 C-I Formed = (2 * -209) = -418 kJ
ΔH = + 611 - 418 = + 193 kJ
Part b)
As we can see that the highest exothermic bond formed is C-F bond so from bond energies we can found that addition of fluoride is the most exothermic reaction
↑Domichinica
↓Fodinichnia
↑Pascichnia
↓Cubichnia
↑Repichnia
Answer: noble gasses
Explanation: zoom on on the red section and look at the key for what red means.
