<span>The high-energy electron travels down an electron transport chain, losing energy as it goes.
Some of the released energy drives pumping of </span><span><span>\text H^+<span>H<span><span>+</span><span></span></span></span></span>H, start superscript, plus, end superscript</span><span> ions from the stroma into the thylakoid interior, building a gradient.
</span><span><span>H^+<span>H<span><span>+</span><span></span></span></span></span>H, start superscript, plus, end superscript</span><span> ions from the splitting of water also add to the gradient.
</span><span><span> H^+<span>H<span><span>+</span><span></span></span></span></span>H, start superscript, plus, end superscript</span><span> ions flow down their gradient and into the stroma, they pass through ATP synthase, driving ATP production in a process known as </span>chemiosmosis<span>.</span>
We determine the limiting reactant by using the moles present in the equation and the actual moles.
According to equation, ratio of Fe₂O₃ : Al = 1 : 2
Actual moles of Fe₂O₃ = 187.3 / (56 x 2 + 16 x 3)
= 1.17
Actual moles of Al = 94.51 / 27
= 3.5
Fe₂O₃ is limiting. Fe₂O₃ required:
(moles Al)/2 = 3.5/2 = 1.75
Moles to be added = 1.75 - 1.17
= 0.58
Mass to be added = moles x Mr
= 0.58 x (56 x 2 + 16 x 3)
= 92.8 grams
