Answer:
sp³d¹ hybridization
Explanation:
Given Cl as central element with three F substrates ...
The VSEPR structure indicates 5 hybrid orbitals that contain 2 diamagnetic orbitals (non-bonded e⁻-pairs) and 3 paramagnetic orbitals (single, non-paired electron for covalent bonding with fluorine) giving a trigonal bypyrimidal parent with a T-shaped geometry.
Valence bond theory predicts the following during bonding:
Cl:[Ne]3s²3p²p²p¹3d⁰
=> [Ne]3s²p²p¹p¹d¹
=> [Ne]3(sp³d)²(sp³d)²(sp³d)¹(sp³d)¹(sp³d)¹
giving 3 ( [Cl](sp³d) - [F]2p¹ ) sigma bonds and 2 non-bonded pairs on Cl.
Note the following images:
Non-bonded electron pairs are in plane of parent geometry and Fluorides covalently bonded to central element Chloride forming the T-shaped geometry.
Answer:
a. 750Hz, b. 4.0ppm, c. 600Hz
Explanation:
The Downfield Shift (Hz) is given by the formula
Downfield Shift (Hz) = Chemical Shift (ppm) x Spectrometer Frequency (Hz)
Using the above formula we can solve all three parts easily
a. fspec = 300 MHz, Chem. Shift = 2.5ppm, 1MHz = 10⁶ Hz, 1ppm (parts per million) = 10⁻⁶
Downfield Shift (Hz) = 2.5ppm x 300MHz x (1Hz/10⁶MHz) x (10⁻⁶/1ppm)
Downfield Shift = 750 Hz
The signal is at 750Hz Downfield from TMS
b. Downfield Shift = 1200 Hz, Chemical Shift = ?
Chemical Shift = Downfield shift/Spectrometer Frequency
Chemical Shift = (1200Hz/300MHz) x (1ppm/10⁻⁶) = 4.0 ppm
The signal comes at 4.0 ppm
c. Separation of 2ppm, Downfield Shift = ?
Downfield Shift (Hz) = 2(ppm) x 300 (MHz) x (1Hz/10⁶MHz) x (10⁻⁶/1ppm) = 600 Hz
The two peaks are separated by 600Hz
The volume is 100mL.
The mass is 1.5kg which is equal to 1500g.
Thus, the density is 1500g / 100mL which is 15g/mL.
The pH = 2.41
<h3>Further explanation</h3>
Given
5.0% by mass solution of acetic acid
the density of white vinegar is 1.007 g/cm3
Required
pH
Solution
Molarity of solution :
Ka for acetic acid = 1.8 x 10⁻⁵
[H⁺] for weak acid :
![\tt [H^+]=\sqrt{Ka.M}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctt%20%5BH%5E%2B%5D%3D%5Csqrt%7BKa.M%7D)
Input the value :
![\tt [H^+]=\sqrt{1.8\times 10^{-5}\times 0.839}\\\\(H^+]=0.00388=3.88\times 10^{-3}\\\\pH=3-log~3.88=2.41](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctt%20%5BH%5E%2B%5D%3D%5Csqrt%7B1.8%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-5%7D%5Ctimes%200.839%7D%5C%5C%5C%5C%28H%5E%2B%5D%3D0.00388%3D3.88%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-3%7D%5C%5C%5C%5CpH%3D3-log~3.88%3D2.41)
Answer:
A. Metallic bond
Explanation:
Think about it: copper and tin are both common metals. That's how we know it's a metallic bond!
Why not B: Covalent bonds are between two nonmetals.
Why not C: Ionic bonds are between a nonmetal and a metal.
Why not D: Paired bond isn't a common phrase in chemistry.
