Answer:
See Explanation
Explanation:
A decreasing temperature indicates that the dissolution process for the ammonium chloride requires input of energy from surroundings. That is, the process is essentially 2 parts => system (object of interest - NH₄Cl) and the surroundings (everything else - solvent - H₂O). The surroundings (water) solvent is showing a <u>measured</u> decrease in temperature or loss of energy (exothermic to surroundings) which flows into the system (NH₄Cl) and effects dissolution of salt into solution (endothermic to system).
Answer:
Distillation
Explanation:
The method of distillation can be used to separate the two liquids, if their boiling point is known. The liquid with lower boiling point will be evaporated and its vapours will be captured, while the liquid with higher boiling point will remail in the container in the liquid state.
Answer:
See explanation
Explanation:
The principle of conservation of energy states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can be converted from one form to another. Hence, chemical energy in a battery can be converted to electrical energy.
Usually, the conversion of energy from one form to another is not 100% efficient according to the second law of thermodynamics. Some energy is wasted in the process, sometimes as heat.
Hence, in an ideal situation where no heat energy is produced; all the chemical energy is converted to electrical energy (100% energy conversion). There will be no energy loss if no heat is produced.
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1) ΔrH = 2mol·ΔfH(NO) - (ΔfH(O₂) + ΔfH(N₂)).
ΔrH = 2 mol · 90.3 kJ/mol - (0 kJ/mol + 0 kJ/mol).
ΔrH = 180.6 kJ.
2) ΔS = 2mol·ΔS(NO) - (ΔS(O₂) + ΔS(N₂)).
ΔS = 2mol · 210.65 J/mol·K - (1mol · 205 J/mol·K + 1 mol · 191.5 J/K·mol).
ΔS = 24.8 J/K.
3) ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
55°C: ΔG = 180.6 kJ - 328.15 K · 24.8 J/K = 172.46 kJ.
2570°C: ΔG = 180.6 kJ - 2843.15 K · 24.8 J/K = 110.09 kJ.
3610°C: ΔG = 180.6 kJ - 3883.15 K · 24.8 J/K = 84.29 kJ.
