1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
AlexFokin [52]
3 years ago
8

Use the changes in oxidation numbers to identify which atom is oxidized, reduced, the oxidizing agent, and the reducing agent. 5

Chemistry
1 answer:
Vinil7 [7]3 years ago
4 0

Answer:

Reaction A:

  • Hydrogen atoms in H₂ are oxidized.
  • Oxygen atoms in O₂ are reduced.
  • Hydrogen gas H₂ is the reducing agent.
  • Oxygen gas O₂ is the oxidizing agent.

Reaction B:

  • Oxygen atoms in KNO₃ are oxidized.
  • Nitrogen atoms in KNO₃ are reduced.
  • Potassium nitrate (V) KNO₃ is both the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent.

Explanation:

  • When an atom is oxidized, its oxidation number increases.
  • When an atom is reduced, its oxidation number decreases.
  • The oxidizing agent contains atoms that are reduced.
  • The reducing agent contains atoms that are oxidized.

Here are some common rules for assigning oxidation states.

  • Oxidation states on all atoms in a neutral compound shall add up to 0.
  • The average oxidation state on an atom is zero if the compound contains only atoms of that element. (E.g., the oxidation state on O in O₂ is zero.)
  • The oxidation state on oxygen atoms in compounds is typically -2. (Exceptions: oxygen bonded to fluorine, and peroxides.)
  • The oxidation state on group one metals (Li, Na, K) in compounds is typically +1.
  • The oxidation state on group two metals (Mg, Ca, Ba) in compounds is typically +2.
  • The oxidation state on H in compounds is typically +1. (Exceptions: metal hydrides where the oxidation state on H can be -1.)

For this question, only the rule about neutral compounds, oxygen, and group one metals (K in this case) are needed.

<h3>Reaction B</h3>

Oxidation states in KNO₃:

  • K is a group one metal. The oxidation state on K in the compound KNO₃ shall be +1.
  • The oxidation state on N tend to vary a lot, from -3 all the way to +5. Leave that as x for now.
  • There's no fluorine in KNO₃. The ion NO₃⁻ stands for nitrate. There's no peroxide in that ion. The oxidation state on O in this compound shall be -2.
  • Let the oxidation state on N be x. The oxidation state of all five atoms in the formula KNO₃ shall add up to zero. 1\times (+1) + 1 \times (x) + {\bf 3} \times (-2) = 0\\x = +5. As a result, the oxidation state on N in KNO₃ will be +5.

Similarly, for KNO₂:

  • The oxidation state on the group one metal K in KNO₂ will still be +1.
  • Let the oxidation state on N be y.
  • There's no peroxide in the nitrite ion, NO₂⁻, either. The oxidation state on O in KNO₂ will still be -2.
  • The oxidation state on all atoms in this formula shall add up to 0. Solve for the oxidation state on N: 1\times (+1) + 1 \times (y) + {\bf 2}\times (-2) = 0\\y = +3. The oxidation state on N in KNO₂ will be +3.

Oxygen is the only element in O₂. As a result,

  • The oxidation state on O in O₂ will be 0.

\rm\stackrel{+1}{K}\stackrel{\bf +5}{N}\stackrel{\bf -2}{O}_3 \to \stackrel{+1}{K}\stackrel{\bf+3}{N}\stackrel{\bf -2}{O}_2 + \stackrel{\bf 0}{O}_2.

The oxidation state on two oxygen atoms in KNO₃ increases from -2 to 0. These oxygen atoms are oxidized. KNO₃ is also the reducing agent.

The oxidation state on the nitrogen atom in KNO₃ decreases from +5 to +3. That nitrogen atom is reduced. As a result, KNO₃ is also the oxidizing agent.

<h3>Reaction A</h3>

Apply these steps to reaction A.

H₂:

  • Oxidation state on H: 0.

O₂:

  • Oxidation state on O: 0.

H₂O:

  • Oxidation state on H: +1.
  • Oxidation state on O: -2.
  • Double check: {\bf 2} \times (+1) + (-2) = 0.

\rm \stackrel{}{2}\; \stackrel{\bf 0}{H}_2 + \stackrel{\bf 0}{O}_2\stackrel{}{\to} \stackrel{}{2}\;\stackrel{\bf +1}{H}_2\stackrel{\bf -2}{O}.

The oxidation state on oxygen atoms decreases from 0 to -2. Those oxygen atoms are reduced. O₂ is thus the oxidizing agent.

The oxidation state on hydrogen atoms increases from 0 to +1. Those hydrogen atoms are oxidized. H₂ is thus the reducing agent.

You might be interested in
Cyclohexane (C6H12) is a hydrocarbon (a substance containing only carbon and hydrogen) liquid. Which of the following will most
SVETLANKA909090 [29]

Answer:  CH_{3}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{2}CH_{3}

Explanation:  Hydrocarbons are the compounds which contain only carbon and hydrogen as their constituent elements. These are considered to be as the non polar species as because of the less electronegativity difference  between the two components.

Now as it is a non polar species thus it will dissolve only a non polar solute following the principle of 'Like dissolves Like'. Thus the most non polar species given in the options is pentane. Cyclohexane will definitely dissolve this pentane as both are non polar in nature.

CH_{2}Cl_{2}, HI and NaBr are polar specie which cannot be dissolved in non polar species.

3 0
3 years ago
Redox reactions can be written as two half-reactions, focusing on the gain or loss of electrons by one of the chemical substance
lutik1710 [3]

Answer:

C) H⁺

Explanation:

When we are balancing the reaction<em> in an acid medium</em>, hydrogen is balanced using the <u>H⁺</u> species. This is most likely the intended answer of your question.

When the reaction takes place not in an acid medium, but in <em>an alkaline one</em>, then hydrogen is present as the OH⁻ species. However this option is not given in your question.

Thus the answer is option C).

5 0
3 years ago
How many moles of ammonia (nh3) would be produced if 2.5 moles of nitrogen (n2) reacted with excess hydrogen (h2)?
cluponka [151]
Firstly, a balanced equation has to be written for the production of ammonia (NH₃) from hydrogen gas (H₂) and nitrogen gas (N₂):
                    N₂   +   3H₂   →   2NH₃

Now, the mole ratio of N₂ : NH₃ is 1 : 2 based on the coefficients of the balanced equation.

If the moles of N₂ = 2.5 moles

   then the moles of NH₃ produced = 2.5 mol × 2 
                                                          =  5 mol

Thus, the moles of ammonia produced when 2.5 mol of nitrogen gas is combined with excess hydrogen gas is 5 mol.
6 0
3 years ago
The lock-and-key mechanism refers to
miskamm [114]

Answer:

A). The complementary shapes of an enzyme and a substrate.

Explanation:

The Lock-and-key mechanism was proposed by Emil Fischer for the first time and characterized as the metaphor which helps in elucidating the specificity of the enzymatic reactions. In this metaphor, the lock is described as the enzyme while 'key' is characterized as the substrate which the enzyme acts upon. If the key is not appropriately sized, it will not fit into the active site i.e. the keyhole of the lock or enzyme and reaction will not take place. Thus, <u>option A</u> is the correct answer.

5 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A 500.0 g block of dry ice (solid CO2, molar mass = 44.0 g) vaporizes at room temperature. Calculate the volume of gas produced
Damm [24]

Considering the ideal gas law, the volume of gas produced at 25.0 °C and 1.50 atm is 184.899 L.

<h3>Definition of ideal gas</h3>

An ideal gas is a theoretical gas that is considered to be composed of randomly moving point particles that do not interact with each other. Gases in general are ideal when they are at high temperatures and low pressures.

<h3>Ideal gas law</h3>

An ideal gas is characterized by absolute pressure (P), volume (V), and absolute temperature (T). The relationship between them constitutes the ideal gas law, an equation that relates the three variables if the amount of substance, number of moles n, remains constant and where R is the molar constant of gases:

P×V = n×R×T

<h3>Volume of gas</h3>

In this case, you know:

  • P= 1.50 atm
  • V= ?
  • n= 500 g×\frac{1 mole}{44 g}= 11.36 moles, being 44 \frac{g}{mole} the molar mass of CO₂
  • R= 0.082 \frac{atmL}{molK}
  • T= 25 C= 298 K (being 0 C=273 K)

Replacing in the ideal gas law:

1.50 atm×V = 11.36 moles×0.082\frac{atmL}{molK} × 298 K

Solving:

V= (11.36 moles×0.082\frac{atmL}{molK} × 298 K) ÷ 1.50 atm

<u><em>V= 184.899 L</em></u>

Finally, the volume of gas produced at 25.0 °C and 1.50 atm is 184.899 L.

Learn more about the ideal gas law:

<u>brainly.com/question/4147359?referrer=searchResults</u>

4 0
2 years ago
Other questions:
  • Calculate the weight of Fe3O4 in 100.0g Fe2O3.
    10·1 answer
  • What size container should you use when mixing chemicals
    7·1 answer
  • If one object is hot and another one cold, thermal energy
    15·1 answer
  • Calculate the specific heat capacity of aluminum if 14,200 J of heat is released in cooling a 350.0
    13·1 answer
  • If two gases react, pumping more gas into the reaction container will _____ the rate of the reaction.
    12·2 answers
  • What type of chemical reaction is C3H8 + O2 ---&gt; CO2 + H2O ?
    13·1 answer
  • Who would most likely be required to work with sodium hydroxide?
    11·2 answers
  • 2NBr3 + 3NaOH – N2 + 3NaBr + 3HBrO
    12·1 answer
  • · Explain electromeric effect.​
    12·1 answer
  • Kahdbiaddsk;wvfodas vs;oi vsd;iv sdv;sidv s;vowdbvw;dichvbwdv;iwebfwd;iwdbcv;wkfbsdliasbv;soqivbasd
    13·2 answers
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!