Answer:
Hi,
The assembling of proteins starts with the attachment of m RNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Each of the ribosome read the code in the m RNA from “start” to “ stop” choosing the specific amino acid building block and removing the unwanted growing protein. The ribosome performs this process in 0.02 seconds and with this rate it is possible for the cell to perform assembling of small protein such as insulin.
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Explanation:
The given data is as follows.
T = 298 K, 
= -5645 kJ/mol
= -5798 kJ/mol
Relation between 
and 
are as follows.
= 
-5798 kJ/mol = -5645 kJ/mol - 
-153 kJ/mol = -
= 0.513 kJ/mol K
Now, temperature is 
= (37 + 273) K = 310 K
Since, =
= 
= (-5645 kJ/mol - 159.03 kJ/mol)
= -5804.03 kJ/mol
As, change in Gibb's free energy = maximum non-expansion work
= -5804.03 kJ/mol - (-5798 kJ/mol)
= -6.03 kJ/mol
Therefore, we can conclude that the additional non-expansion work is -6.03 kJ/mol.
The hydroxide ion concentration, [OH-] = 2.439 x 10⁻¹⁰
<h3>Further explanation</h3>
Equilibrium of water and the ions :
![\tt Kc=\dfrac{[H_3O^+][OH^-]}{H_2O}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctt%20Kc%3D%5Cdfrac%7B%5BH_3O%5E%2B%5D%5BOH%5E-%5D%7D%7BH_2O%7D)
Kc[H₂O] is the ion equilibrium constant for water ⇒ Kw.
The product of the concentrations of these ions (H₃O⁺ and OH⁻)at equilibrium at 25°C is 1.0 x 10⁻¹⁴ M
[H₃O⁺] [OH⁻] = 1.0 x 10⁻¹⁴ M = Kw
The hydrogen ion concentration of [H⁺]=4.1 x 10⁻⁵ M, so the hydroxide ion concentration, [OH-] :
![\tt 4.1\times 10^{-5}\times [OH^-]=1.10^{-14}\\\\(OH^-]=\dfrac{1.10^{-14}}{4.1\times 10^{-5}}\\\\(OH^-]=2.439\times 10^{-10}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Ctt%204.1%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-5%7D%5Ctimes%20%5BOH%5E-%5D%3D1.10%5E%7B-14%7D%5C%5C%5C%5C%28OH%5E-%5D%3D%5Cdfrac%7B1.10%5E%7B-14%7D%7D%7B4.1%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-5%7D%7D%5C%5C%5C%5C%28OH%5E-%5D%3D2.439%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-10%7D)
Answer:
The solubility of gases in liquids decreases with increasing temperature. Conversely, adding heat to the solution provides thermal energy that overcomes the attractive forces between the gas and the solvent molecules, thereby decreasing the solubility of the gas; pushes the reaction in Equation 4 to the left
Answer:
1. Weight.
2. Large lens will tend to deflect under its own weight
Explanation:
Hello,
Weight is a big part of it. There’s a reason the largest working refractor on Earth (the Clark refractor at Yerkes Observatory in Wisconsin) has a 102-cm objective; a 125-cm lens was created for the Paris Exposition of 1900, but the accompanying telescope was a pain to use (very hard to aim) and was scrapped when no one wanted to buy it.
Lens can only be supported at its edges unlike mirrors, and a large lens will tend to deflect under its own weight unless it’s so thick that it won’t transmit much light. It is also extremely difficult to cast and polish a glass blank of such huge size, which is why (see List of largest optical refracting telescopes - Wikipedia) almost no one has tried building one in over a century.
Best regards.
