Answer:
For any given element, ionization energy increases as subsequent electrons are removed. For example, the energy required to remove an electron from neutral chlorine is 1251 kJ/mol. ... An even sharper increase in ionization energy is witnessed when inner-shell, or core, electrons are removed.
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Answer:
(a) The normal freezing point of water (J·K−1·mol−1) is
(b) The normal boiling point of water (J·K−1·mol−1) is 
(c) the chemical potential of water supercooled to −5.0°C exceed that of ice at that temperature is 109J/mole
Explanation:
Lets calculate
(a) - General equation -
=
= 
→ phases
ΔH → enthalpy of transition
T → temperature transition
=
=
(
is the enthalpy of fusion of water)
= 
(b) 
=
(
is the enthalpy of vaporization)
= 
(c)
=
°
°
=
°
°![C)]](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=C%29%5D)
ΔT
°
°

= 109J/mole
Answer:
1.65 L
Explanation:
The equation for the reaction is given as:
A + B ⇄ C
where;
numbers of moles = 0.386 mol C (g)
Volume = 7.29 L
Molar concentration of C = 
= 0.053 M
A + B ⇄ C
Initial 0 0 0.530
Change +x +x - x
Equilibrium x x (0.0530 - x)
![K = \frac{[C]}{[A][B]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=K%20%3D%20%5Cfrac%7B%5BC%5D%7D%7B%5BA%5D%5BB%5D%7D)
where
K is given as ; 78.2 atm-1.
So, we have:
![78.2=\frac{[0.0530-x]}{[x][x]}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=78.2%3D%5Cfrac%7B%5B0.0530-x%5D%7D%7B%5Bx%5D%5Bx%5D%7D)


Using quadratic formula;

where; a = 78.2 ; b = 1 ; c= - 0.0530
=
or 
=
or 
= 0.0204 or -0.0332
Going by the positive value; we have:
x = 0.0204
[A] = 0.0204
[B] = 0.0204
[C] = 0.0530 - x
= 0.0530 - 0.0204
= 0.0326
Total number of moles at equilibrium = 0.0204 + 0.0204 + 0.0326
= 0.0734
Finally, we can calculate the volume of the cylinder at equilibrium using the ideal gas; PV =nRT
if we make V the subject of the formula; we have:

where;
P (pressure) = 1 atm
n (number of moles) = 0.0734 mole
R (rate constant) = 0.0821 L-atm/mol-K
T = 273.15 K (fixed constant temperature )
V (volume) = ???

V = 1.64604
V ≅ 1.65 L