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pishuonlain [190]
3 years ago
6

Methylene chloride (CH2Cl2) has fewer chlorine atoms than chloroform (CHCl3). Nevertheless, methylene chloride has a larger mole

cular dipole moment than chloroform. Explain.
Chemistry
1 answer:
Talja [164]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

Explanation has been given below.

Explanation:

  • Chloroform has three polar C-Cl bonds. Methylene chloride has two polar C-Cl bonds. So it is expected that chloroform should be more polar and posses higher dipole moment than methylene chloride.
  • Two factors are liable for the opposite trend observed in dipole moments of methylene chloride and chloroform.
  • First one is the number of hyperconjugative hydrogen atoms present in a molecule. Hyperconjugation occurs with vacant d-orbital of Cl atom. Hyperconjugation amplifies charge separation in a molecule resulting higher dipole moment.
  • Methylene chloride has two hyperconjugative hydrogen atoms and chloroform has one hyperconjugative hydrogen atom.Therefore methylene chloride should have higher charge separation as compared to chloroform.
  • Second one is induction of opposite polarity in a C-Cl bond by another C-Cl bond in a molecule. Higher the opposite induction of polarity, lower the charge separation in a molecule and hence lower the dipole moment of a molecule.
  • Chloroform has three C-Cl bonds and methylene chloride has two C-Cl bonds. Therefore opposite induction is higher for chloroform resulting it's lower dipole moment.
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