Explanation: If he were inexperienced in this field or he was doing it as his hobby (casual objectives) with no goal to reproduce or add to the data already published, or were there people involved in his research, then this would have been categorized as informal research. However this setting is strictly formal, and authenticity of data is mandatory. Print and online journal articles contain the case studies already researched thoroughly.
Potential gross income refers to the gross income at 100% occupancy. On the other hand, effective gross income takes into account vacancy as well as other variables like collection loss.
Strategic decisions do indeed take long-term commitment because they are meant to help the company in the long term not the short.
Strategic decisions usually set goals and achieve results in the long term. They are not expected to yield results in the short terms which is why MacDonald's pressed on with the all-day breakfast despite initial challenges.