Answer:
Oxide of manganese, Potassium permanganate, Manganese bromide and manganese oxide.
Explanation:
1. Manganese dioxide
Its chemical formula is
. It is +4 oxidation state. It is a black solid which is fairly stable.
2. Potassium permanganate
Its chemical formula is
. It is commonly used in the laboratories as oxidizing agent. They appear black in color.
3 Manganese bromide
Its chemical formula is ![$MnBr_2$](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%24MnBr_2%24)
4. Oxides of manganese
Chemical formula is ![$Mn_3O_4$](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%24Mn_3O_4%24)
The most stable state of Manganese is +2 oxidation state.
The total heat required to convert the ice to steam is 155,000 J.
The given parameters:
- <em>Mass of the ice, m = 50 g</em>
- <em>Initial temperature of the ice, t = -10 ⁰C</em>
- <em>Final temperature of the ice, T = 0⁰C, 100⁰C and 120⁰C</em>
- <em>Specific heat capacity of water = 4.184 J/g⁰C</em>
- <em>Heat of fusion of ice, = 333.55 J/g</em>
- <em>Heat of vaporization, = 2,230 J/g</em>
<em />
The heat required to raise the temperature to 0⁰C is calculated as;
![Q = mc\Delta t\\\\Q_1 = 50 \times 4.184 \times (0 - (-10))\\\\Q_1 = 2092 \ J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q%20%20%3D%20mc%5CDelta%20t%5C%5C%5C%5CQ_1%20%3D%2050%20%5Ctimes%204.184%20%5Ctimes%20%280%20-%20%28-10%29%29%5C%5C%5C%5CQ_1%20%3D%202092%20%5C%20J)
The heat required to melt the ice is calculated as follows;
![Q_2 = mL_f\\\\Q_2 = 50 \times 333.55 \\\\Q_2 = 16,677.5 \ J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q_2%20%3D%20mL_f%5C%5C%5C%5CQ_2%20%3D%2050%20%5Ctimes%20333.55%20%5C%5C%5C%5CQ_2%20%3D%2016%2C677.5%20%5C%20J)
The heat raise the temperature to 100⁰C is calculated as;
![Q_3 = 50 \times 4.184 \times (100 - 0)\\\\Q_3 = 20,920 \ J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q_3%20%3D%2050%20%5Ctimes%204.184%20%5Ctimes%20%28100%20-%200%29%5C%5C%5C%5CQ_3%20%3D%2020%2C920%20%5C%20J)
The heat required to boil the water is calculated as follows;
![Q_4 = mL_v\\\\Q_4 = 50 \times 2230\\\\4_4 = 111,500 \ J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q_4%20%3D%20mL_v%5C%5C%5C%5CQ_4%20%3D%2050%20%5Ctimes%202230%5C%5C%5C%5C4_4%20%3D%20111%2C500%20%5C%20J)
The heat raise the temperature to 120⁰C is calculated as;
![Q_5 = 50 \times 4.184 \times (120 - 100)\\\\Q_5 = 4,184 \ J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q_5%20%3D%2050%20%5Ctimes%204.184%20%5Ctimes%20%28120%20-%20100%29%5C%5C%5C%5CQ_5%20%3D%204%2C184%20%5C%20J)
The total heat required is calculated as follows;
![Q_t = Q_1 + Q_2 + Q_3 + Q_4 + Q _5 \\\\Q_t = 2092 + 16,677.5 + 20,920 + 111,500 + 4,184\\\\Q_t = 155,373.5 \ J\\\\Q_t \approx 155,000 \ J](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Q_t%20%3D%20Q_1%20%2B%20Q_2%20%2B%20Q_3%20%2B%20Q_4%20%2B%20Q%20_5%20%5C%5C%5C%5CQ_t%20%20%3D%202092%20%2B%2016%2C677.5%20%2B%2020%2C920%20%2B%20111%2C500%20%2B%204%2C184%5C%5C%5C%5CQ_t%20%3D%20155%2C373.5%20%5C%20J%5C%5C%5C%5CQ_t%20%5Capprox%20155%2C000%20%5C%20J)
Learn more about heat capacity here: brainly.com/question/16559442
A problem that the Hudson River still faces is pollution
Answer: the effects of cholera toxin on cAMP in the intestinal cells is that it INCREASES cAMP production.
Explanation:
Vibrio cholerae is a gram negative bacterium which produces a protein cholera toxin that is responsible for the characteristic symptoms of cholera such as
watery diarrhea, vomiting, rapid heart rate, loss of skin elasticity, low blood pressure, thirst, and muscle cramps. There is need for body fluids and Na replacement to avoid severe dehydration results which may lead to death.
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate( cAMP) is a derivative used for intracellular signal transduction in organisms. The cholera toxin produced by the bacteria INCREASES the production of cAMP through its polypeptides( which consist of active protomer and binding protomer). The cholera toxin first binds to cell surface receptors, the protomer then enters the cell and bind with and activate the adenylate cyclase. Increasing adenylate cyclase activity will INCREASE cellular levels of cAMP, increasing the activity of ion pumps that remove ions from the cell. Due to osmotic pressure changes, water also must flow with the ions into the lumen of the intestinal mucosa, dehydrating the tissue. I hope this helps, thanks.
The answer would be B: Walking instead of driving a car to get to the library.
Explanation: Walking instead of driving conserves gas and puts less fumes into the environment.