1) Do > 2f
Do means object distance
2f means 2 x focal length
2 x focal length = radius of curvature
When an object is placed beyond the radius of curvature, a real image is formed between the radius of curvature and focus. The image size is reduced. The sketch is shown below
This question sounds like it came after some activity where
some forces were observed. Since we were not there, and
we don't know what the activity was, we don't know what forces
were observed, and we have no clue to how they might be related
to the motion of the Earth around the sun.
The force of gravity the masses exert on each other. If one of the masses is doubled , the force of gravity between the objects is doubled. Increases , the force of gravity decreases.