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3 years ago

Is water polar or dipolar ?

2 answers:

7 0

Water is dipolar. Water (H2O) is the most abundant molecule on Earth's surface, constituting about 70% of the planet's surface - one molecule of water has two hydrogen atoms covalently bonded to a single oxygen atom. Oxygen attracts electrons much more strongly than hydrogen, resulting in a net positive charge on the hydrogen atoms, and a net negative charge on the oxygen atom. The presence of a charge on each of these atoms gives each water molecule a net dipole moment. In chemistry, the dipole moment is a quantity showing the extent of a system's polarity, that is, the degree to which electric charge is unevenly distributed throughout the system. Individual covalent bonds also possess dipole moments. In the latter case, the dipole moment is defined as the product of the net partial charge difference between the two bonded atoms and the distance between them. The magnitude of the dipole moment is commonly measured in debyes, while its SI unit is the Coulomb-metre. Electrical attraction between water molecules due to this dipole pulls individual molecules closer together, making it more difficult to separate the molecules and therefore raising the boiling point. This attraction is known as hydrogen bonding. The molecules of water are constantly moving in relation to each other, and the hydrogen bonds are continually breaking and reforming. A water molecule can form a maximum of four hydrogen bonds because it can accept two and donate two hydrogen atoms. Other molecules like hydrogen fluoride, ammonia, methanol form hydrogen bonds but they do not show anomalous behavior of thermodynamic, kinetic or structural properties like those observed in water. The answer to the apparent difference between water and other hydrogen bonding liquids lies in the fact that apart from water none of the hydrogen bonding molecules can form four hydrogen bonds either due to an inability to donate/accept hydrogens or due to steric effects in bulky residues.

Lena [83]3 years ago

6 0

Water is dipolar because of the particles it contains.

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Why does an exothermic reaction need activation energy?

andrey2020 [161]

Answer:

Activation energy is needed so reactants can move together, overcome forces of repulsion, and to begin breaking bonds.

Explanation:

6 0

3 years ago

Americans spend up to $100 billion annually for bottled water (41 billion gallons). The only beverages with higher sales are car

grigory [225]

Answer: C) be hypertonic to Tank B.

Explanation:

The ability of an extracellular solution to move water in or out of a cell by osmosis is known as its tonicity. Additionally, the tonicity of a solution is related to its osmolarity, which is the total concentration of all the solutes in the solution.

Three terms (hypothonic, isotonic and hypertonic) are used to compare the osmolarity of a solution with respect to the osmolarity of the liquid that is found after the membrane. When we use these terms, we only take into account solutes that can not cross the membrane, which in this case are minerals.

If the liquid in tank A has a lower osmolarity (lower concentration of solute) than the liquid in tank B, the liquid in tank A would be hypotonic with respect to the latter.
If the liquid in tank A has a greater osmolarity (higher concentration of solute) than the liquid in tank B, the liquid in tank A would be hypertonic with respect to the latter.
If the liquid in tank A has the same osmolarity (equal concentration of solute) as the liquid in tank B, the liquid in tank A would be isotonic with respect to the latter.

In the case of the problem, option A is impossible because the minerals can not cross the membrane, since it is permeable to water only. There is no way that the concentration of minerals decreases in tank A, so the solution in this tank can not be hypotonic with respect to the one in Tank B.

Equally, both solutions can not be isotonic and neither we can say that the solution in tank A has more minerals that the one in tank B because the liquid present in tank B is purified water that should not have minerals. Therefore, options B and D are also not correct.

Finally, the correct option is C, since in the purification procedure the water is extracted from the solution in tank A to obtain a greater quantity of purified water in tank B. In this way, the solution in Tank A would be hypertonic to Tank B.

5 0

3 years ago

Write a molecular equation for the precipitation reaction that occurs (if any) when the following solutions are mixed. If no rea

iragen [17]

Answer :

(A) The balanced molecular equation will be:

$K_2CO_3(aq)+Pb(NO_3)_2(aq)\rightarrow 2KNO_3(aq)+PbCO_3(s)$

(B) The balanced molecular equation will be:

$Li_2SO_4(aq)+Pb(CH_3COOH)_2(aq)\rightarrow 2LiCH_3COOH(aq)+PbSO_4(s)$

(C) The balanced molecular equation will be:

$Cu(NO_3)_2(aq)+Na_2S(aq)\rightarrow 2NaNO_3(aq)+CuS(s)$

(D) The balanced molecular equation will be:

$Sr(NO_3)_2(aq)+2KI(aq)\rightarrow \text{No reaction}$

Explanation :

Molecular equation : It is defined as a balanced chemical equation where the ionic compounds are expressed in the form of molecules rather than component of ions.

Precipitation reaction : It is defined as the reaction in which an insoluble salt formed when two aqueous solutions are combined.

The insoluble salt that settle down in the solution is known an precipitate.

Part A : potassium carbonate and lead(II) nitrate

The balanced molecular equation will be:

$K_2CO_3(aq)+Pb(NO_3)_2(aq)\rightarrow 2KNO_3(aq)+PbCO_3(s)$

In this reaction, lead carbonate is an insoluble salt and potassium nitrate is a soluble solution.

Part B : lithium sulfate and lead(II) acetate

The balanced molecular equation will be:

$Li_2SO_4(aq)+Pb(CH_3COOH)_2(aq)\rightarrow 2LiCH_3COOH(aq)+PbSO_4(s)$

In this reaction, lead sulfate is an insoluble salt and lithium acetate is a soluble solution.

Part C : copper(II) nitrate and sodium sulfide

The balanced molecular equation will be:

$Cu(NO_3)_2(aq)+Na_2S(aq)\rightarrow 2NaNO_3(aq)+CuS(s)$

In this reaction, Cuprous sulfide is an insoluble salt and sodium nitrate is a soluble solution.

Part D : strontium nitrate and potassium iodide

The balanced molecular equation will be:

$Sr(NO_3)_2(aq)+2KI(aq)\rightarrow 2KNO_3(aq)+SrI_2(aq)$

In this reaction, strontium iodide and potassium nitrate are soluble solution.

$Sr(NO_3)_2(aq)+2KI(aq)\rightarrow \text{No reaction}$

6 0

3 years ago

All living things are made of organic compounds which contain the element

Fiesta28 [93]

C
explanation; ( i’m smart )

4 0

3 years ago

When you need to produce a variety of diluted solutions of a solute, you can dilute a series of stock solutions. A stock solutio

8090 [49]

Answer:

Volume of stock solution needed = 6.0299 mL

Explanation:

Dilution consists of lowering the amount of solute per unit volume of solution. It is achieved by adding more diluent to the same amount of solute.

This is deduced when thinking that both the dissolution at the beginning and at the end will have the same amount of moles.

Data:

M1 = 6.01 M stock solution concentration

M2 = 0.3624 M diluted solution concentration

V2 =100 mL diluted solution volume

V1 = ? stock solution volume

M1 * V1 = M2 * V2

$V1=\frac{M2*V2}{M1} =\frac{0.3624M*100mL}{6.01M} =6.0299 mL$

4 0

3 years ago