Cystine is dimer of Cystein amino acid formed by oxidation reaction. Its main function is to provide mechanical strength to proteins and allow them to retain their 3-D structures and also serves as a substrate for the cystine-glutamate antiporter.
As shown in figure cystine has two amino groups (highlighted blue) and two carboxylic groups (highlighted green). In its original structure cystine is neutral in nature as it has equal number of basic (NH₂) and acidic (COOH) moieties along with two chiral centers (asymmetric carbons) highlighted with red spots.
When one -NH₂ group is replaced by -COOH group the cystine is converted into an acidic compound with three COOH groups and a NH₂ group. Also, one asymmetric carbon will convert into a symmetrical carbon with a loss of one chiral carbon.
In second step, when another NH₂ is replaced by COOH, the acidic strength of resulting compound will increase along with conversion of last chiral carbon into symmetric carbon.
Therefore, the final structure will be acidic in nature with zero chiral carbons as shown in figure attached below.
- In the reduction process of photosynthesis, electrons are transported from water to carbon dioxide.
- According to photon theory here the photons behave as light energy particle.
- By capturing sun energy (photons), chlorophyll aids in this process.An electron in the chlorophyll molecule gets excited from a lower to a higher energy state when chlorophyll receives energy from sunlight.
- Excessive sunshine is the main cause of leaves turning a darker green color. Lack of sunlight causes a plant's leaves to create more chlorophyll, which is what gives the plant its green hue.
- The color of the leaf is darker green than typical because of the increase in chlorophyll concentration per unit area.
<h3>What is photon theory?</h3>
The photon theory of light states that photons have simultaneous particle and wave behavior. pass through empty space at a constant speed, or "the speed of light". possess rest energy and zero mass.
Learn more about photon theory here:
brainly.com/question/3479307
#SPJ4
Answer:
B
Explanation:
to find the new rate when the concentration of reactants changes
<span>Water can resist a greater external force than ethanol due to its greater surface tension.
Reason:
Surface Tension in liquids is caused by the cohesive forces among the molecules of liquids at the surface. Means the liquids molecules at the surface have a net attractive interactions with molecules beneath them and cause them to contract causing tension.
Now comparing water and ethanol, water has stronger intermolecular interactions than ethanol because water has two Hydrogen bongd donors (i.e. Hydrogens directly attached to oxygen atom) while ethanol has only one Hydrogen Bond Donors. This strong intermolecular interactions in water makes greater surface tension.</span>
symbioticparasitism relationship
