Answer: Ultramares corporation v. Touche established Ultramares doctrine. Hochfelder v. Ernst & Ernst ruled that scienter is required before CPAs can be held liable.
Explanation:
All the options except the above are true. Ultramares corporation v. Touche did establish the Ultramares doctrine.
United States v. Natelli sentenced two CPAs to prison for a year, in addition to fines, for violating the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Bily v. Arthur Young did not uphold the restatement doctrine. The restatement doctrine restatement doctrine makes an auditor liable to people who rely on the quality of his work be they his clients or third parties. Two high courts ruled that auditors are not liable to third parties who use their work but only to the party that contracted their work.
However, Hochfelder v. Ernst & Ernst ruled that an allegation of scienter (an intention to deceive) is not required before CPAs can be held liable as long as the actions constitute actual deception.
While rule 10b-5 of the Exchange Act states the presence of scienter as a requirement to commit an offense, the court ruled against the statute by eliminating the Scienter clause from criminal statute and ruled against Ernst & Ernst.
1.
a. Due to the dictator system of the worker's party, citizens do not get enough to eat, partially due to the fact that the country is poor and cannot properly sustain itself, as well as the fact that the country has a ton of sanctions and can't import and export many things.
b. After the Soviet Union collapsed, North Korea stopped getting help from the nation, causing widespread famines. This eventually caused the life expectancy to drop by a lot. The communism system unevitably causes famines, but I won't talk about the communist systems here.
2.
At night, South Korea is seen as a bright star with a lot of electricity. However, North Korea doesn't have much of this. This is because North Korea is significantly poorer, due to the Worker's Party system and other factors, and this is why only rich cities which house the top elites have electricity. The people in the countryside working in farms are horribly poor.
3.
When the Soviets took the north of Korea, and NATO took the south, very different systems were implemented, and as North Korean dictators slowly shifted away from democracy and into a monarchy-like suppressive system, North Korea became poorer and poorer as the leaders became a lot richer.
Answer:
jefferson also felt that the central government should be "rigorously frugal and simple." As president he reduced the size and scope of the federal government by ending internal taxes, reducing the size of the army and navy, and paying off the government's debt.
Explanation:
The choices are:
A. ) standardization.
B) predictive validity.
C) reliability.
<span>D) content validity.
The answer is A. standardization. He was comparing his score to other average test-takers. From there he could reflect if the test is a standard exam for Math. He most probably would see average test takers get approximately at least his score. </span>
