The formula for the pendulum experiment is based on the assumption that the amplitude is small so that the angle is approximately equal to the Sine of the angle.
Answer:
The observer sees the space-probe 9.055m long.
Explanation:
Let 
be the length of the space-probe when measured at rest, and 
be its length as observed by an observer moving at velocity 
, then
Now, we know that 
and 
, and putting these into 
we get:
Thus, an observer moving at 0.95c observes the space-probe to be 9.055m long.
Answer:
C
Explanation:
The increase in the distance between equilibrium positions for the vibrating atoms.
