Question

A book falling to the floor is best described by: law one, law two, law three, or all three laws?

Answer 1

The book falling to the floor is described by Newton's second law and Newton's third law

Explanation:

Newton's first law of motion states that:

"An object moving at constant velocity (or at rest) keeps moving at constant velocity (or will stay at rest) unless acted upon unbalanced, external forces"

For a book falling to the floor, there is an unbalanced force acting on it (the  force of gravity): therefore, we cannot apply Newton's first law.

Newton's second law of motion states that:

"The net force acting on an object is equal to the product between the object's mass, m, and its acceleration, a"

Mathematically:

$F=ma$

For the book falling to the floor, F is the force of gravity; therefore, we can apply Newton's second law, and in this case it tells us that the book has a non-zero acceleration during its fall.

In particular, the force of gravity is $F=mg$ (where $g$ is the acceleration due to gravity), so the acceleration of the book is

$mg=ma\\a=g=9.8 m/s^2$

Newton's third law of motion states that:

"When an object A exerts a force (action force) on an object B, then object B exerts an equal and opposite  force (reaction force) on object A".

In this case, the Earth is exerting a  force (the force of gravity) on the book during its fall: therefore, the book is also exerting a equal and opposite force (reaction force) on the Earth.

Learn more about Newton laws of motion:

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