Consider water flowing through a cylindrical pipe with a variable cross-section. The velocity is v at a point where the pipe dia
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The total mechanical energy of the system at any time t is the sum of the kinetic energy of motion of the ball and the elastic potential energy stored in the spring:
where m is the mass of the ball, v its speed, k the spring constant and x the displacement of the spring with respect its rest position.
Since it is a harmonic motion, kinetic energy is continuously converted into elastic potential energy and vice-versa.
When the spring is at its maximum displacement, the elastic potential energy is maximum (because the displacement x is maximum) while the kinetic energy is zero (because the velocity of the ball is zero), so in this situation we have:
Instead, when the spring crosses its rest position, the elastic potential energy is zero (because x=0) and therefore the kinetic energy is at maximum (and so, the ball is at its maximum speed):
Since the total energy E is always conserved, the maximum elastic potential energy should be equal to the maximum kinetic energy, and so we can find the value of the maximum speed of the ball:
where m is the mass of the ball, v its speed, k the spring constant and x the displacement of the spring with respect its rest position.
Since it is a harmonic motion, kinetic energy is continuously converted into elastic potential energy and vice-versa.
When the spring is at its maximum displacement, the elastic potential energy is maximum (because the displacement x is maximum) while the kinetic energy is zero (because the velocity of the ball is zero), so in this situation we have:
Instead, when the spring crosses its rest position, the elastic potential energy is zero (because x=0) and therefore the kinetic energy is at maximum (and so, the ball is at its maximum speed):
Since the total energy E is always conserved, the maximum elastic potential energy should be equal to the maximum kinetic energy, and so we can find the value of the maximum speed of the ball: