Identify the structure of a compound of molecular formula C4H8O2 that gives the following 1H NMR data: 0.95 (triplet, 3 H), 1.65
1 answer:
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Answer:
a) IUPAC Names:
1) (<em>trans</em>)-but-2-ene
2) (<em>cis</em>)-but-2-ene
3) but-1-ene
b) Balance Equation:
C₄H₁₀O + H₃PO₄ → C₄H₈ + H₂O + H₃PO₄
As H₃PO₄ is catalyst and remains unchanged so we can also write as,
C₄H₁₀O → C₄H₈ + H₂O
c) Rule:
When more than one alkene products are possible then the one thermodynamically stable is favored. Thermodynamically more substituted alkenes are stable. Furthermore, trans alkenes are more stable than cis alkenes. Hence, in our case the major product is trans alkene followed by cis. The minor alkene is the 1-butene as it is less substituted.
d) C is not Geometrical Isomer:
For any alkene to demonstrate geometrical isomerism it is important that there must be two different geminal substituents attached to both carbon atoms. In 1-butene one carbon has same geminal substituents (i.e H atoms). Hence, it can not give geometrical isomers.
Answer:
I. Kindly, see the attached image.
II. The reaction is exothermic.
III. - 51.88 kJ/mol.
IV. The reaction is spontaneous.
Explanation:
I. Draw a possible potential energy diagram of the reaction. Label the enthalpy of the reaction.
- Since the sign of ΔH is negative, the reaction is exothermic reaction.
In an exothermic reaction, the energy of the reactants is higher than that of the products.
<u><em>Kindly see the attached image to show you the potential energy diagram of the reaction.</em></u>
<em>II. Is the reaction endothermic or exothermic? Explain your answer.</em>
- The reaction is exothermic reaction.
- The sign of ΔH indicates wither the reaction is endothermic or exothermic one:
If the sign is positive, the reaction is endothermic.
If the sign is negative, the reaction is exothermic.
Herein, <em>ΔH = - 33.1 kJ/mol, </em>so the reaction is exothermic.
<em>III. What is the Gibbs free energy of the reaction at 25°C? </em>
∵ ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
Where, ΔG is the Gibbs free energy change (J/mol).
ΔH is the enthalpy change (ΔH = - 33.1 kJ/mol).
T is the temperature (T = 25°C + 273 = 298 K).
ΔS is the entorpy change (ΔS = 63.02 J/mol.K = 0.06302 J/mol.K).
<em>∴ ΔG = ΔH - TΔS</em> = (- 33.1 kJ/mol) - (298 K)(0.06302 J/mol.K) = <em>- 51.88 kJ/mol.</em>
IV. Is the reaction spontaneous or nonspontaneous at 25°C?
The sign of ΔG indicates the spontaneity of the reaction:
If ΔG < 0, the reaction is spontaneous.
If ΔG = 0, the reaction is at equilibrium.
If ΔG > 0, the reaction is nonspontaneous.
Herein, <em>ΔG = - 51.88 kJ/mol, </em>so the reaction is spontaneous.
Explanation:
It is known that molarity is the number of moles present in a liter of solution.
Molarity =
Also, number of moles equal mass divided by molar mass. And, molar mass of calcium is 40.07 g/mol.
No. of moles =
=
= 0.025 mol
Therefore, calculate the molarity as follows.
Molarity =
=
= 0.025 M
Thus, we can conclude that molarity of in milk is 0.025 M.