For the substituted cyclohexane compound given below, highlight the groups – by clicking on atoms – that will sterically interac
t with the methyl group in a 1,3-diaxial fashion.
2 answers:
Answer:
In given structure of substituted cyclohexane select the "Bromine" atom as the answer.
Explanation:
1,3-Diaxial Interactions:
As cleared from name, this type of interactions are found in cyclic alkanes in which one group present at position 1 (assumed number) experiences steric hindrance due to another group present at position 3.
Also, it is necessary that both the groups must be occupying either axial or equatorial positions respectively. For example, in given structure the methyl group at position 1 is at axial position and another bulky group which should interact with this methyl group must occupy axial position at carbon 3 next to carbon 1. Hence, as shown in figure, the Bromine atom is present at third carbon and is at axial position too.
In attached picture, the green lines indicate steric interactions between Methyl group and Bromine atoms which are involved in steric interactions in 1,3-diaxial fashion.
The atoms that would sterically interact with methyl group located axially are highlighted in pink color in the attached image.
Further Explanation:
The stereoisomer of a molecule that has same chemical formula and connectivity of bond but differs in the arrangement of the atoms in space is known as conformer. The rotation about the carbon-carbon single bond can lead to the formation of conformer of a molecule.
There are four conformers of cyclohexane molecule as follows:
- Chair conformation
- Boat conformation
- Twist boat conformation
- Half chair conformation
Chair conformation is considered as the best conformation of cyclohexane. The hydrogen in blue denote the axial positions and the hydrogen in pink denote equatorial positions. (Refer to the attached image)
The stable conformation is that in which the bulky groups such as hydroxyl, methyl, and nitro group occupy the equatorial positions while the relatively small groups such as hydrogen atoms occupy axial positions. The reason is that the axially placed substituents suffer more steric repulsion and that generates strain in the molecule. The strain leads to high energy and thus less stability.
While writing the chair conformation the bulkier groups are preferentially placed at equatorial positions. The conformation that has bulky group at equatorial position is more favorable than the conformation that has bulky group at axial position. The reason for the stability of the conformation is diaxial interactions.
1,3-diaxial interaction: The 1,3-diaxial interactions occur among the axial substituent present at 1 and 3 positions.
The conformation in the problem has axial substituent hydrogen and bromine at the two positions 3 and 3’ which lead to 1,3-diaxial strain in the molecule and makes it unstable. (Refer to the attached image)
Learn more:
1. Balanced chemical equation brainly.com/question/1405182
2. Oxidation and reduction reaction: brainly.com/question/2973661
Answer details:
Grade: Senior School
Subject: Chemistry
Chapter: Conformation of cyclohexane
Keywords: Cyclohexane, planar, chair conformation, axial positions, equatorial positions, steric repulsion, high energy, 1, 3-diaxial interaction, 1, 3-diaxial strain.
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Answer : The value of for the reaction is +571.6 kJ/mole.
Explanation :
According to Hess’s law of constant heat summation, the heat absorbed or evolved in a given chemical equation is the same whether the process occurs in one step or several steps.
According to this law, the chemical equation can be treated as ordinary algebraic expression and can be added or subtracted to yield the required equation. That means the enthalpy change of the overall reaction is the sum of the enthalpy changes of the intermediate reactions.
The given chemical reaction is,
Now we have to determine the value of for the following reaction i.e,
According to the Hess’s law, if we reverse the reaction then the sign of change.
So, the value for the reaction will be:
Hence, the value of for the reaction is +571.6 kJ/mole.
Carbons starting from the left end:
- sp²
- sp²
- sp²
- sp
- sp
Refer to the sketch attached.
<h3>Explanation</h3>The hybridization of a carbon atom depends on the number of electron domains that it has.
Each chemical bond counts as one single electron domain. This is the case for all chemical bonds: single, double, or triple. Each lone pair also counts as one electron domain. However, lone pairs are seldom seen on carbon atoms.
Each carbon atom has four valence electrons. It can form up to four chemical bonds. As a result, a carbon atom can have up to four electron domains. It has a minimum of two electron domains, with either two double bonds or one single bond and one triple bond.
- A carbon atom with four electron domains is sp³ hybridized;
- A carbon atom with three electron domains is sp² hybridized;
- A carbon atom with two electron domains is sp hybridized.
Starting from the left end (H₂C=CH-) of the molecule:
- The first carbon has three electron domains: two C-H single bonds and one C=C double bond; It is sp² hybridized.
- The second carbon has three electron domains: one C-H single bond, one C-C single bond, and one C=C double bond; it is sp² hybridized.
- The third carbon has three electron domains: two C-C single bonds and one C=O double bond; it is sp² hybridized.
- The fourth carbon has two electron domains: one C-C single bond and one C≡C triple bond; it is sp hybridized.
- The fifth carbon has two electron domains: one C-H single bond and one C≡C triple bond; it is sp hybridized.
