Question

Compare and contrast and give the definitions of: Partial + charge Partial - charge

Answer 1

When two elements of different electronegativity forms a compound, -ve charge is shifted to more electronegative element & +ve towards less electronegative.

So, the charge on less electronegative element in polar compound is known as "Partial +ve charge" and charge on more electronegative element in Polar compound is known as "Partial -ve charge"

Hope this helps!

Answer 2

Partial charges are formed in molecules when electronegativity difference between is small. 

Partial charges formed can be permanent as well temporary. Inductive effect creates permanent partial charge in the molecule, whereas electromeric effect creates temporary partial charge in the molecule.

Inductive effect: when a covalent bond is formed between the atoms of different electronegatives, the electron density is more towards the more electronegative(EN) atom of the bond which results in the formation of a polar covalent bond. This polarity developed in molecule creates dipole moment.


Electromeric effect: It is temporary delocalisation of π-electron in compound containing multiple covalent bond( double and triple bond).

Partial negative charge is formed when more EN element is attached to the molecule, whereas partial negative charge is formed when less EN element is attached to the molecule.

Definitions:

1.) Partial positive charge: The positive charge developed in a molecule which is non-integral is called partial positive charge. Denoted by +δ.
2.) Partial negative charge: The negative charge developed in a molecule which is non-integral is called partial negative charge. Denoted by -δ.
Hope this helps!