Explanation:
-Filter help — delete some big unreacted, undesirable species (norit is probably from what you are sorting through, its only carbon which cleans up things)
— extract with DCM because you are probably in an aqueous phase, and some butanoate is in it
- Anhydrous sodium absorbs excess of water (dries the material)
-evaporation in the hood to clear the DCM and crystallize the product.
Answer:
Chromium is electroplated on other metals. 2. Gold is electroplated on other cheap metals.
Answer : The ratio of the concentration of substance A inside the cell to the concentration outside is, 296.2
Explanation :
The relation between the equilibrium constant and standard Gibbs free energy is:
![\Delta G^o=-RT\times \ln Q\\\\\Delta G^o=-RT\times \ln (\frac{[A]_{inside}}{[A]_{outside}})](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5CDelta%20G%5Eo%3D-RT%5Ctimes%20%5Cln%20Q%5C%5C%5C%5C%5CDelta%20G%5Eo%3D-RT%5Ctimes%20%5Cln%20%28%5Cfrac%7B%5BA%5D_%7Binside%7D%7D%7B%5BA%5D_%7Boutside%7D%7D%29)
where,
= standard Gibbs free energy = -14.1 kJ/mol
R = gas constant = 8.314 J/K.mol
T = temperature = 
Q = reaction quotient
![[A]_{inside}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BA%5D_%7Binside%7D)
= concentration inside the cell
![[A]_{outside}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5BA%5D_%7Boutside%7D)
= concentration outside the cell
Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:
![-14.1\times 10^3J/mol =-(8.314J/K.mol)\times (298K)\times \ln (\frac{[A]_{inside}}{[A]_{outside}})](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=-14.1%5Ctimes%2010%5E3J%2Fmol%20%3D-%288.314J%2FK.mol%29%5Ctimes%20%28298K%29%5Ctimes%20%5Cln%20%28%5Cfrac%7B%5BA%5D_%7Binside%7D%7D%7B%5BA%5D_%7Boutside%7D%7D%29)
![\frac{[A]_{inside}}{[A]_{outside}}=296.2](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%5Cfrac%7B%5BA%5D_%7Binside%7D%7D%7B%5BA%5D_%7Boutside%7D%7D%3D296.2)
Thus, the ratio of the concentration of substance A inside the cell to the concentration outside is, 296.2
These are buffer systems (solutions of substances) with a steady concentration of hydrogenium ions. At addition to such solution of a small amount of acid or alkali does not change рН.
For example:
CH₃COOH + CH₃COONa acetate buffer
KH₂PO₄ + K₂HPO₄ potassium phosphate buffer
