The best explanation of the observation of the researcher is that some of the energy is converted into thermal energy (option C).
<h3>How does energy transfer?</h3>
Energy, according to the law of conservation of energy, cannot be created nor destroyed but transformed.
According to this question, a researcher found that the amount of light energy produced in a neon lighted sign was less than the amount of electrical energy used.
This suggests that some of the energy is converted into thermal energy.
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Free energy is a thermodynamic potential that can be used to calculate the maximum reversible work that can be performed by a thermodynamic system at a constant temperature and pressure. It is fulfilled that if the energy change is less than zero it will mean that the relationship will proceed towards the product, while if the relationship is greater than zero the reaction will proceed towards the reactant. Therefore the correct option is D.
<em>The free energy change of a reaction can determine the reaction direction</em>
Answer:


2.2 cm easily observable
Explanation:
= Mass of 12 C = 
= Mass of 13 C = 
= Radius of 12 C = 
B = Magnetic field
v = Velocity of atom = 8.5 km/s
= Radius of 13 C
The force balance of the system is

The required magnetic field is 
Radius is given by


So

The required diameter is 
Separation is given by

The distance of separation is 2.2 cm which is easily observable.
Answer:
d. 3332.5 [N]
Explanation:
To solve this problem we will use newton's second law, which tells us that the sum of forces is equal to the product of mass by acceleration.
Here we have two forces, the force that pushes the car to move forward and the friction force.
The friction force is equal to the product of the normal force by the coefficient of friction.
f = N * μ
f = (m*g) * μ
where:
N = weight of the car = 2150*9.81 = 21091.5 [N]
μ = 0.25
f = (21091.5) * 0.25
f = 5273 [N]
Now as the car is moving forward, the car wheels move clockwise. The friction force between the wheels of the car and the pavement must be counterclockwise, i.e. counterclockwise. Therefore the direction of this force is forward. This way we have:
F + f = m*a
F + 5273 = 2150*4
F = 8600 - 5273
F = 3327 [N]
Therefore the answer is d.