What is the proton-proton chain reaction? Describe this process
1 answer:
Answer:
Proton proton chain reaction involves the fusion of two hydrogen atoms.
Explanation:
Two protons combine together to form a deuterium nucleus, a neutrino and a positron.
This deuterium will then combine with another hydrogen to form a helium isotope with mass number three and gamma rays.
Now two helium isotopes combine to form a helium 4 nucleus and two protons.
These two protons will once again initiate another proton proton cycle.
These are called thermonuclear fusion reactions. They are responsible for the heat and light that are received from sun .
Proton proton cycle happens in all stars primarily.
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Answer:
Explanation:
The electric flux is defined as the multiple of electric field and the area that the electric field passes through, such that
When calculating the electric flux, the angle between the directions of electric field and the area becomes important, especially if the angle is changing with time.
The above formula can be rewritten as follows
where θ is the angle between the electric field and the area of the loop. Note that, the direction of the area of the loop is perpendicular to the plane of the loop.
If the loop is rotating with constant angular velocity ω, then the angle can be written as follows
At t = 0, cos(0) = 1 and the electric flux through the loop is at its maximum value.
Therefore the electric flux can be written as a function of time