Generally, systems move spontaneously in the direction of increasing entropy. TRUE FALSE
1 answer:
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Answer:
Here's what I find.
Explanation:
Iodine-131
Iodine-131 is both a beta emitter and a gamma emitter.
About 90 % of the energy is β-radiation and 10 % is γ-radiation. Both forms are highly energetic.
The main danger is from ingestion. The iodine concentrates in thyroid gland, where the β-radiation destroys cells up to 2 mm from the tissues that absorbed it.
Both the β- and γ-radiation cause cell mutations that can later become cancerous. Small doses, such as those absorbed from the nuclear disasters in the Ukraine and Japan, can cause cancers years after the original iodine has disappeared.
Plutonium-239
Plutonium-239 is an alpha emitter.
Alpha particles cannot penetrate the skin, so external exposure isn't much of a health risk.
However, they are extremely dangerous when they are inhaled and get inside cells. They travel first to the blood or lymph system and later to the bone marrow and liver, where they cause up to 1000 times more chromosomal damage than beta or gamma rays.
It takes about 20 years for plutonium to be eliminated from the liver around 50 years for from the skeleton, so it has a long time to cause damage.
Answer:
Similarities: both state the mass of chemical species and they have the same numerical value
Differences: molecular mass refers to one single molecule and molar mass refers to one mole of a molecule
Explanation:
The molecular mass is the value of the mass of each molecule and it is measured in mass units (u). It is calculated adding the mass of each atom of the molecule.
The molar mass is the value of the mass of one mole of molecules, which means the mass of 6.022140857 × 10²³ molecules. The unit is g/mol.
For example, we can consider the methane molecule, which has the chemical formula of CH₄:
Molecular mass CH₄ = C mass + 4 x (H mass)
Molecular mass CH₄ = 12.01 + 4 x (1.01)
Molecular mass CH₄ = 16.05 u
Now to calculate the molar mass we multiply the value of the molecular mass by the Avogadro number and convert the units to g/mol:
Molar mass CH₄: 16.05 x x 6.022140857 × 10²³ mol⁻¹
Molecular mass CH₄ = 16.05 g / mol