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Juli2301 [7.4K]
3 years ago
12

Consider a steady-state experiment in which the observed current due to reduction of Ox to R is 85 mA/cm2. What is the concentra

tion gradient at the electrode surface? Knowing that the concentration of the species being reduced is zero at the electrode surface, and 0.10 mM in the bulk, how thick is the diffusion layer in this experiment?
Engineering
1 answer:
Elanso [62]3 years ago
5 0

Answer: Yes

Explanation:

Surface Concentration: In electrochemistry, there is an important distinction between the concentration of a species at the electrode’s surface and its concentration at some distance from the electrode’s surface (in what we call the bulk solution). Suppose we place an electrode in a solution of Fe3+ and fix the potential at 1.00 V. At this potential Fe3+ is stable—the standard state reduction potential for Fe3+ to Fe2+ is +0.771 V, the concentration of Fe3+ remains the same at all distances from the electrode’s surface.

Bulk Concentraton: If we change the electrode’s potential to +0.500 V, the concentration of Fe3+ at the electrode’s surface decreases to approximately zero. The concentration of Fe3+ increases as we move away from the electrode’s surface until it equals the concentration of Fe3+ in bulk solution. The resulting concentration gradient causes additional Fe3+ from the bulk solution to diffuse to the electrode’s surface.

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Calculate the thermal efficiency (ηth) for the actual cycle using pump efficiency (ηpump) = 0.85. You’ll need to find the high-p
dangina [55]

Answer:

Thermal efficiency(ηth) = 1 - (TH/Tc), where TH is temperature of hot reservoir and Tc is temperature of cold reservoir.

ηth = 1 - (300/Tc)

We can assume a value for TH to be 400°C

Then,

ηth = 1 - (300/400) = 1 - 0.75 = 0.25

Explanation:

Thermal efficiency, ηth, of an heat engine is define as the ratio of the work it does, W, to the heat input at the high temperature, QH.

The thermal efficiency is expressed mathematically as:

ηth= QH/W

OR

Thermal efficiency(ηth) = 1 - (TH/Tc).

In other words, the fraction of heat that is converted to work is the thermal efficiency. That is, the measure of performance of engines that uses heat energy in their operation. It has no dimension.

Examples of such engines are:

Steam turbine;

Any internal combustion engine;

A refrigerator.

In operation of a refrigeration or heat pumps, thermal efficiency indicates the extent to which the energy added by work is converted to net heat output. Since it is dimensionless number, we must always express W, QH, and QC in the same units

8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
A particular motor rotates at 3000 revolutions per minute. What is its speed in rad/sec, and how many seconds does it takes to m
Leno4ka [110]

Answer:

ω=314.15 rad/s.

0.02 s.

Explanation:

Given that

Motor speed ,N= 3000 revolutions per minute

N= 3000 RPM

The speed of the motor in rad/s given as

\omega=\dfrac{2\pi N}{60}\ rad/s

Now by putting the values in the above equation

\omega=\dfrac{2\pi \times 3000}{60}\ rad/s

ω=314.15 rad/s

Therefore the speed in rad/s will be 314.15 rad/s.

The speed in rev/sec given as

\omega=\dfrac{ 3000}{60}\ rad/s

ω= 50 rev/s

It take 1 sec to cover 50 revolutions

That is why to cover 1 revolution it take

\dfrac{1}{50}=0.02\ s

4 0
3 years ago
2.2 k omega= _____ omega
neonofarm [45]

Explanation:

2.2 k omega= ___2200__ omega

here k is kilo so simply multiply by 1000

8 0
3 years ago
Implement
kolbaska11 [484]

Answer:

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

// Pixel structure

struct Pixel

{

unsigned int red;

unsigned int green;

unsigned int blue;

Pixel() {

red = 0;

green = 0;

blue = 0;

}

};

// function prototype

int energy(Pixel** image, int x, int y, int width, int height);

// main function

int main() {

// create array of pixel 3 by 4

Pixel** image = new Pixel*[3];

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

image[i] = new Pixel[4];

}

// initialize array

image[0][0].red = 255;

image[0][0].green = 101;

image[0][0].blue = 51;

image[1][0].red = 255;

image[1][0].green = 101;

image[1][0].blue = 153;

image[2][0].red = 255;

image[2][0].green = 101;

image[2][0].blue = 255;

image[0][1].red = 255;

image[0][1].green = 153;

image[0][1].blue = 51;

image[1][1].red = 255;

image[1][1].green = 153;

image[1][1].blue = 153;

image[2][1].red = 255;

image[2][1].green = 153;

image[2][1].blue = 255;

image[0][2].red = 255;

image[0][2].green = 203;

image[0][2].blue = 51;

image[1][2].red = 255;

image[1][2].green = 204;

image[1][2].blue = 153;

image[2][2].red = 255;

image[2][2].green = 205;

image[2][2].blue = 255;

image[0][3].red = 255;

image[0][3].green = 255;

image[0][3].blue = 51;

image[1][3].red = 255;

image[1][3].green = 255;

image[1][3].blue = 153;

image[2][3].red = 255;

image[2][3].green = 255;

image[2][3].blue = 255;

// create 3by4 array to store energy of each pixel

int energies[3][4];

// calculate energy for each pixel

for (int i = 0; i < 3; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < 4; j++) {

energies[i][j] = energy(image, i, j, 3, 4);

}

}

// print energies of each pixel

for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {

for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {

// print by column

cout << energies[j][i] << " ";

}

cout << endl;

}

}

// function prototype

int energy(Pixel** image, int x, int y, int width, int height) {

// get adjacent pixels

Pixel left, right, up, down;

if (x > 0) {

left = image[x - 1][y];

if (x < width - 1) {

right = image[x + 1][y];

}

else {

right = image[0][y];

}

}

else {

left = image[width - 1][y];

if (x < width - 1) {

right = image[x + 1][y];

}

else {

right = image[0][y];

}

}

if (y > 0) {

up = image[x][y - 1];

if (y < height - 1) {

down = image[x][y + 1];

}

else {

down = image[x][0];

}

}

else {

up = image[x][height - 1];

if (y < height - 1) {

down = image[x][y + 1];

}

else {

down = image[x][0];

}

}

// calculate x-gradient and y-gradient

Pixel x_gradient;

Pixel y_gradient;

x_gradient.blue = right.blue - left.blue;

x_gradient.green = right.green - left.green;

x_gradient.red = right.red - left.red;

y_gradient.blue = down.blue - up.blue;

y_gradient.green = down.green - up.green;

y_gradient.red = down.red - up.red;

int x_value = x_gradient.blue * x_gradient.blue + x_gradient.green * x_gradient.green + x_gradient.red * x_gradient.red;

int y_value = y_gradient.blue * y_gradient.blue + y_gradient.green * y_gradient.green + y_gradient.red * y_gradient.red;

// return energy of pixel

return x_value + y_value;

}

Explanation:

Please see attachment for ouput

6 0
3 years ago
Consider an open loop 1-degree-of-freedom mass-spring damper system. The system has mass 4.2 kg, and spring stiffness of 85.9 N/
Marat540 [252]

Answer:

Damping ratio  \zeta =0.0342

Explanation:

Given that

m=4.2 kg,K=85.9 N/m,C=1.3 N.s/m

We need to find damping ratio

We know that critical damping co-efficient

 C_c=2\sqrt {mk}

 C_c=2\sqrt {4.2\times 85.9}

 C_c=37.98 N.s/m

Damping ratio(\zeta) is the ratio of damping co-efficient to the critical damping co-efficient

So \zeta =\dfrac{C}{C_c}

\zeta =\dfrac{1.3}{37.98}

\zeta =0.0342

So damping ratio  \zeta =0.0342

 

3 0
4 years ago
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