All of these are correct except the first option, as Arrhenius bases increase the concentration of hydroxide ions.
Alter means change or cause something in character
Answer:
0.049 mol/L.s
Explanation:
The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide is:

![Rate = -\dfrac{\Delta [H_2O_2]}{\Delta t}= \dfrac{\Delta [H_2O_2]}{\Delta t}= \dfrac{ 2 \Delta [H_2O_2]}{\Delta t}](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=Rate%20%3D%20-%5Cdfrac%7B%5CDelta%20%5BH_2O_2%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B%5CDelta%20%5BH_2O_2%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D%3D%20%5Cdfrac%7B%202%20%20%5CDelta%20%5BH_2O_2%5D%7D%7B%5CDelta%20t%7D)
The rate of decomposition reaction = the rate of formation of
= 0.098 mol/L.s
∴
Rate of formation of


= 0.049 mol/L.s
The layer that doesn't exist at all is the l<u>ithosphere</u> because the very last level of the entire atmosphere is the exosphere.