The predator is the one putting the other in danger and the prey is the one IN danger
Adenine and guanine
Thymine and cytosine
Natural selection doesn't favor traits that are somehow inherently superior. Instead, it favors traits that are beneficial (that is, help an organism survive and reproduce more effectively than its peers) in a specific environment. Traits that are helpful in one environment might actually be harmful in another.
(one again, I hope this helps ^^)
The periodic table only accounts for elements. It does not account for compounds, such as water.