Gold has a heavy enough nucleus that its electrons must travel at speeds nearing the speed of light to prevent them from falling into the nucleus. This relativistic effect applies to those orbitals that have appreciable density at the nucleus, such as s and p orbitals. These relativistic electrons gain mass and as a consequence, their orbits contract. As these s and (to some degree) p orbits are contracted, the other electrons in d and f orbitals are better screened from the nucleus and their orbitals actually expand.
Since the 6s orbital with one electron is contracted, this electron is more tightly bound to the nucleus and less available for bonding with other atoms. The 4f and 5d orbitals expand, but can't be involved in bond formation since they are completely filled. This is why gold is relatively unreactive.
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- A)Potassium bromide(aq) + Barium iodide(aq) → Potassium iodide(aq) + Barium bromide(s)
- 2KBr(aq)+BaI2(aq) → 2KI(aq)+BaBr2(s)
- B)Balance the Chemical Equation for the reaction of calcium carbonate with hydrochloric acid:
- CaCO3+ HCl -> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O To balance chemical equations we need to look at each element individually on both sides of the equation. calcium carbonate is a chemical compound with the formula CaCO3.
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D the substance is a homogeneous mixture