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svlad2 [7]
3 years ago
9

Question 4 of 15

Chemistry
2 answers:
allochka39001 [22]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:D. 100 j

Explanation:

Anna [14]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

B.

Explanation:

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Describe how calcium and fluorine bond together to form calcium fluoride
monitta

Answer:<em>   A transfer of electrons occurs when fluorine and calcium react to form an ionic compound. This is because calcium is in group two and so forms ions with a two positive charge. ... A pairs of shared electrons makes one covalent bond. The compound formed is known as a molecule***</em>

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(Please answer as quickly as possible for brainliest, thanks :))
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A. actinides do not occur in nature.
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Suppose a laboratory wants to identify an unknown pure substance. The valence electrons of the substance's atoms feel an effecti
zalisa [80]

Answer:

  • The answer is the third option in the list:<em> It would have smaller atomic radii than Si and higher ionization energies than Si.</em>

Explanation:

The<em> effective nuclear charge</em> is that portion of the total nuclear charge that a given electron in an atom feels.

Since, the inner electrons repel the outer electrons, t<em>he effective nuclear charg</em>e of a determined electron is the sum of the positive charge (number of protons or atomic number) that it feels from the nucleus less the number of electrons that are in the shells that are are closer to the nucleus than the own shell of such (determined) electron.

Mathematically, <em>the effective nuclear charge (Zeff)</em> is equal to the atomic number (Z) minus the amount (S) that other electrons in the atom shield the given (determined) atom from the nucleus.

  • Zeff = Z - S.

Since, the valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell of the atom, you can find certain trend for the value Zeff.

Let's look at the group to which Si belongs, which is the group 14. This table summarizes the relevant data:

Element   Z   Group   # valence electrons     S                      Zeff = Z - S

C              6      14                      4                     6 - 4 = 2             6 -  2 = +4

Si             14     14                      4                     14 - 4 = 10         14 - 10 = +4

Ge           32     14                     4                     32 - 4 = 28       32 -28 = +4

Sn           50     14                     4                     50 - 4 = 46       50 - 46 = +4

Pb           82     14                     4                     82 - 4 = 78        82 - 78 = +4  

With that, you have shown that the valence electrons of the unknown substance's atoms feel an effective nuclear charge of +4 and you have a short list of 4 elements which can be the unknown element: C, Ge, Sn or Pb.

The second known characteristic of the unknown substance's atoms is that it has a <em>higher electronegativity than silicon (Si)</em><em>.</em>

So, you must use the known trend of the electronegativity in a group of the periodic table: the electronegativity decreases as you go down in a group. So, three of the elements (Ge, Sn, and Pb) have lower electronegativity than Si, which has left us with only one possibility: the element C. The valence electrons of carbon (C) atoms feel an effective nuclear charge of +4 and it carbon has a higher electronegativity than silicon.

Other two periodic trends attending the group number are the <em>atomic radii and the ionization energy</em>.

The atomic radii generally increases as you go from top to bottom in a group. This is because you are adding electrons to new higher main energy levels. So, you can conclude that the originally unknwon substance (carbon) has a smaller atomic radii, than Si.

The ionization energies generally decreases as you go from top to bottom in a group. This os due to the shielding effect: as seen, the effective nuclear charge of the atom's valence electrons remains constant, while the distance of the electrons from the nucleus increases (the valence electrons are farther away from the nucleus), which means the upper the element in a given group, the larger the ionization energy of the atoms.

With this, our conclusions about the unnkown substance are:

  • Since it has a higher electronegativity value than silicon (Si), it is right up of Si, and there is on only element possible element than can be (C).

  • Since, it is upper than silicon (Si), it would have smaller atomic radii.

  • Due to the shielding effect, it would have larger ionization energies.

  • The answer is the third option in the list: It would have smaller atomic radii than Si and higher ionization energies than Si.

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An electron can be added to halogen atom to force a halide ion with
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An electron can be added to halogen atom to force a halide ion with 8 valence electrons

<h3>What is an atom?</h3>

An atom can be defined as the smallest part of an element which can take part in a chemical reaction.

However whenever, an electron is added to halogen atom to force a halide ion with 8 different valence electrons

So therefore; an electron can be added to halogen atom to force a halide ion with 8 valence electrons

Learn more about halogens:

brainly.com/question/18276987

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If a combination reaction takes place between potassium and chlorine what is the product
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It would be potassium chloride or kcl
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