Some isotopes, however, decay slowly, and several of these are used as geologic clocks. Dating rocks by these radioactive timekeepers is simple in theory, but the laboratory procedures are complex. <span>All methods rely on the fact that certain elements (particularly uranium and potassium) contain a number of different isotopes whose half-life is exactly known and therefore the relative concentrations of these isotopes within a rock or mineral can measure the age.</span>
The light reactions produce ATP and NADPH thet the Calvin cycle uses to convert CO2 into carbohydrate. The light reactions in the thylakoid membranes of the chloroplast, and the reactions of the Calvin cycle take place in the stroma
Answer:
38 ATP
Explanation:
On complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose yields 38 ATP. Break up of energy production is given below:
- During glycolysis 2 ATP and 2 NADH is produced.
- During formation of Acetyl CoA, 2 NADH is produced.
- During Citric Acid Cycle, 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH₂ are produced.
Finally during Electron transport chain, reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH₂ oxidised to release ATP. Each NADH produce 3ATP and each FADH₂ produces 2 ATP. Altogether 10 NADH is produced during entire process of cellular respiration which yield 30 ATP and 2 FADH₂ yields 4 ATP. Therefore, on complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose yields 38 ATP.
Photosynthesis: 12 H2O + 6 CO2 -> 6 O2 + C6H12O6 + 6 H2O
12 water molecules and 6 carbon dioxide molecules are the reactants. 6 oxygen molecules, 1 glucose molecule, and 6 water molecules are the products.
<span><span>Light dependent</span> reaction happens at the thylakoid membrane, made up of lipid bilayers, which is conveniently located in the chloroplast -> Light-independent reaction (the Calvin-Benson Cycle) happens in the stroma -> creation of glucose molecule. That's a much abridged explanation of photosynthesis.
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