The heat/enthalpy of vaporization of water represents the energy input required to convert one mole of water into vapor at a constant temperature. Intermolecular forces including hydrogen bondings of significant strength hold water molecules in place under its liquid state. Whereas the molecules experience almost no intermolecular interactions under the gaseous state- consider the way noble gases molecules interact. It is thus necessary to supply sufficient energy to overcome all intermolecular interactions present in the substance under its liquid state to convert the substance into a gas. The heat of vaporization is thus related to the strength of the intermolecular interactions.
Water molecules contain hydrogen atoms bonded directly to oxygen atoms. Oxygen atoms are highly electronegative and take major control of electrons in hydrogen-oxygen bonds. Hydrogen atoms in water molecules thus experience a strong partial-positive charge and would attract lone pairs of electron on neighboring water molecules. "Hydrogen bonds" refer to the attraction between hydrogen atoms bonded to electronegative elements and lone pairs of electrons. The hydrogen-oxygen bonds in water molecules are so polarized that hydrogen bonds in water are stronger than both dipole-dipole interactions and London Dispersion Forces in most other molecules. It thus take high amounts of energy to separate water molecules sufficiently apart such that they no longer experience intermolecular interactions and behave collectively like a gas. As a result, water has one of the highest heat of vaporization among covalent molecules of similar sizes.
Upper N upper H subscript 4 upper C l (s) right and left arrows stacked above each other upper N upper H subscript 3 (g) plus upper H upper C l (g)
Explanation:
The given equation is;
NH₄Cl ⇄ NH₃ + HCl
This equation is clearly different from the other ones.
- In the reactant going forward, there is a right and left arrows stacked above each other.
- The symbol is ⇄ and it is used to show reversibility of chemical reactions.
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Chemical reactions brainly.com/question/3953793
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To find the mole of a substance, you take the mass divided by the molar mass of that substance~
Explanation:
The starch requires a temperature higher than the room temperature (arround 60 °C) to decompose to form simple sugars. This is because the energy required to break the chemical bonds. Also, it may need the action of some specific enzymes (alpha and beta amilase) to break those bonds.
Answer:
D.phototropism
Explanation:
Phototropism is a type of tropism in which a plant or plant part responds to light. According to this question, a student wanted to investigate the effect of light on the growth of cress seedlings. The student used three different pots for the experiment.
Pot 1 was placed with light from above. Pot 2 was placed in a cupboard with no light. Pot 3 was placed in a window with light from one direction only. However, the image attached to this question shows that the plants in the different pots face different directions in response to light, which depicts phototropism
