- NH₃: Hydrogen bonds;
- CCl₄: London Dispersion Forces; (a.k.a. Induced dipole)
- HCl: Dipole-dipole Interactions.
<h3>Explanation</h3>
Relative strength of intermolecular forces in small molecules:
Hydrogen bonds > Dipole-dipole interactions > London DIspersion Forces.
It takes two conditions for molecules in a substance to form <em>hydrogen bonds</em>.
- They shall contain at least one of the three bonds: H-F, O-H, or N-H.
- They shall contain at least one lone pair of electrons.
NH₃ contains N-H bonds. The central nitrogen atom in an NH₃ molecule has one lone pair of electrons. NH₃ meets both conditions; it is capable of forming hydrogen bonds.
CCl₄ molecules are nonpolar. The molecule has a tetrahedral geometry. Dipole from the polar C-Cl bonds cancel out due to symmetry. The molecule is nonpolar overall. As a result, only London Dispersion Force is possible between CCl₄ molecules.
HCl molecules are polar. The H-Cl bond is fairly polar. The HCl molecule is asymmetric, such that the dipole won't cancel out. The molecule is overall polar. Both dipole-dipole interactions and London Dispersion Force are possible between HCl molecules. However, dipole-dipole interactions are most predominant among the two.
Answer: Option (b) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Since energy of reactants is less than the energy of products. Therefore, it means energy is absorbed during the reaction.
As the energy required to break the bonds in the reactants is greater than the energy released when products are formed.
Therefore, it is an endothermic reaction.
Thus, we can conclude that the statement, it is endothermic because the energy required to break bonds in the reactants is greater than the energy released when the products are formed is correct.
D because Carbon and Oxygen form covalent compounds. I wasn't the greatest at chem., but I'm pretty sure this is correct :D let me know if I gave you the right answer.
Answer:
Idk if this is right but i hope it helps... sorry if it's wrong
Explanation:
the effects are: temperature rises, water shortages, and increased fire threats
