Answer:
Explanation:
The total energy or intrinsic energy of a system is called the enthalpy. In thermochemistry, we have two types of enthalpy changes which are:
- Exothermic changes
- Endothermic changes
For the freezing of water, the enthalpy change is an exothermic one. Exothermic changes are designated as negative. In this chemical change, heat is liberated to the surroundings and this leaves the environment at a much higher temperature. In freezing, the enviroment gains more heat as the material begins to cool to lower temperature.
Entropy is the degree of randomness or disorderliness of a system. When a phase change occurs from liquid to solid, freezing takes place. Such a change increases the orderliness of a system and entropy diminishes. Here, entropy is negative.
The free energy is a measure of the energy a system that does useful work. Free energy depends on enthalpy, entropy and temperature of a system. For phase changes such as freezing of water, the value of free energy change is 0.
For this process, an increases in temperature makes it non-spontaneous. Increasing temperature would alter the course of the reaction and makes it exothermic. For entropy, increasing temperature would increase entropy and therefore, the reaction would not be feasible.
Temperature would mostly affect the free energy. An increase in temperature would increase the value of entropy change and the reaction would not be spontaneous. With falling temperature value, the reaction becomes more spontaneous and favored.
Answer:
hope it is use full to you
Explanation:
The gas constant is denoted by the symbol R or R. It is equivalent to the Boltzmann constant, but expressed in units of energy per temperature increment per mole, i.e. the pressure–volume product, rather than energy per temperature increment per particle.
it is a physical constant that is featured in many fundamental equations in the physical sciences, such as the ideal gas law, the Arrhenius equation, and the Nernst equation. As a consequence, the value of the gas constant is also exactly defined.
Answer:
Kp = 13.3
Explanation:
Partition coefficient is used to extract or purify a solute from a solvent selectively to avoid interference from other substances. The formula is:
Kp = Concentration of solute in organic solvent / Concentration of solute in H₂O
As the CH₂Cl₂ is containing 31mg, water is containing 4mg. Replacing in the formula:
Kp = (31mg/7mL) / (4mg/12mL)
<h3>Kp = 13.3</h3>
Explanation:
Each atom type contains the same number of protons. Chemical bonds link elements together to form more complex molecules called compounds. A compound consists of two or more types of elements held together by covalent or ionic bonds
