Answer:
the electric field at Z = 12 cm is E = 9.68 × 10³ N/C = 9.68 kN/C
Explanation:
Given: radius of disk, R = 2.0 cm = 2 × 10⁻² cm, surface charge density,σ = 6.3 μC/m² = 6.3 × 10⁻⁶ C/m², distance on central axis, z = 12 cm = 12 × 10⁻² cm.
The electric field, E at a point on the central axis of a charged disk is given by E = σ/ε₀(
)
Substituting the values into the equation, it becomes
E = σ/ε₀(
) = 6.3 × 10⁻⁶/8.854 × 10⁻¹²(
) = 7.12 × 10⁵(
) = 7.12 × 10⁵(1 - 0.9864) = 7.12 × 10⁵ × 0.0136 = 0.0968 × 10⁵ = 9.68 × 10³ N/C = 9.68 kN/C
Therefore, the electric field at Z = 12 cm is E = 9.68 × 10³ N/C = 9.68 kN/C
Answer: as the temperature increases, the kinetic energy of the molecules increases
Explanation: The kinetic energy of the molecules is the energy possessed by virtue of motion of the particles.
Kinetic energy of the particles is directly proportional to the temperature of the gas.

where T= temperature
R= gas constant
Thus if the temperature is increased, the molecules start moving more randomly and gain kinetic energy.
fluorine chlorine bromine iodine
Electron cloud is an informal term in physics. It is used to describe where electrons are when they go around the nucleus of an atom. The electron cloud model is different from the older Bohr atomic model by Niels Bohr. Bohr talked about electrons orbiting the nucleus.
It's the last answer. The gas-filled sacs allow for it to float, which means it's closer to the surface where the sun is. The top of the kelp collects the nutrients it needs from the sunlight and transfers it throughout the rest of it. Hope this helped!