Answer:
a. active volcanoes river valleys feeding into surface lakes of liquid water surfaces with very few impact.
Explanation:
Before 7 after 9. A pH smaller than 7 indicates acidity with 0 being completely acidic. A pH greater than 7 shows alkalinity with 14 being completely alkaline. 7 is neutral. Since NaOH is alkaline, adding it to a neutral substance would increase the pH and it would increase from 7 to 9.