Answer:
Protons:
- positive
- aka cation
- in the nucleus along with the neutrons
Electrons:
- negative
- aka anion
- situated in the orbital shells/configuration levels (there are many names)
Answer: Option (a) is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Transmutation involves the conversion of one chemical element into another chemical element. This change occurs when an element or isotope passes through a number of reactions. It is a natural process and happens when there is a radioactive decay.
Hence, it is also a nuclear change as it occurs when there is a change in the nucleus of an atom. As this change can be due to the nuclear decay so as a result there will be some change in energy also. It is the process where one element converts into another using bombardment with high energy particles.
Thus, we can conclude that transmutation involves is a nuclear change.
Leading up to this, calcium gave up 2 valence electrons and thus was denoted as a cation. These 2 electrons were transferred to bromine, which received an overall negative charge because of the addition of 2 valence electrons in its valence shell, and thus formed a negatively charged ion, an anion.
Both formed an ionic bond, due to the electrostatic charge of attraction between the 2 oppositely charged ions. If many ions of Ca and Br are present and numerous ionic bonds have formed it will undergo an arrangement which is that of an ionic lattice, type of structure.
