When a space vehicle reenters the Earth's atmosphere, kinetic energy is transformed into heat energy. Because Earth's atmosphere contains so many gas and dust particles which provide friction to fast moving space vehicle and generate lots of heat. Since space is vaccume so there is no problem of heat generation but at atmospheric level we have to control speed of space vehicles.
Electrons are lost or gained when the ballon is rubbed with a PVC. As the rubber ballon lost electrons, it will have more protons, hence the positive charge. (More protons than electrons in the ballon).
(b)parallel connection is suitable for the desired total resistance. series connection can not be used to achieve a lower resistance as the equation for series connection is.