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LekaFEV [45]
3 years ago
15

The law of conversion states that mass is never created or destroyed. Explain how this law requires all chemical equations to be

balanced.
Chemistry
1 answer:
ikadub [295]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

See Explanation

Explanation:

The Law of Conservation of Matter as applied to chemical reactions says that matter is neither created nor distroyed, only changed in form. This implies that the mass of substances going into a reaction process must equal the mass of products generated during the reaction process.

Empirically,

∑ mass reactants = ∑ mass products

One can test this idea after balancing a chemical equation by determining the sum of formula weights of reactants and products; then compare. If reaction was properly balanced, the total mass reactants = total mass of products.

Example:

Combustion of Methane =>  CH₄(g) + 2O₂(g)   =>  CO₂(g) + 2H₂O(l)

Equation Weights =>             16amu + 64amu <=> 44amu +  36amu

Mass Reactants = Mass Products  => 80amu <=> 80amu.

__________________

*amu = atomic mass units => sum of atomic weights of elements

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What is the theoretical yield if 35.5g of Al reacts 39.0g of Cl2
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Answer : The correct answer for the Theoretical Yield is 48.93 g of product .

Theoretical yield : It is amount of product produced by limiting reagent . It is smallest product yield of product formed .

Following are the steps to find theoretical yield .

Step 1) : Write a balanced reaction between Al and Cl₂ .

2 Al + 3 Cl₂→ 2 AlCl₃

Step 2: To find amount of product (AlCl₃) formed by Al .

Following are the sub steps to calculate amount of AlCl₃ formed :

a) To calculate mole of Al :

Given : Mass of Al = 35.5 g

Mole can be calculate by following formula :

Mole = \frac{given mass (g)}{atomic mass \frac{g}{mol}}

Mole = \frac{35.5 g }{26.9 \frac{g}{mol}}

Mole = 1.32 mol

b) To find mole ratio of AlCl₃ : Al

Mole ratio is calculated from balanced reaction .

Mole of Al in balanced reaction = 2

Mole of AlCl₃ in balanced reaction = 2.

Hence mole ratio of AlC; l₃ : Al = 2:2

c) To find mole of AlCl₃ formed :

Mole of AlCl_3 = Mole of Al * Mole ratio

Mole of AlCl_3 = 1.32 mol of Al * \frac{2}{2}

Mole of AlCl₃ = 1.32 mol

d) To find mass of AlCl₃

Molar mass of AlCl₃ = 133.34 \frac{g}{mol}

Mass of AlCl3 can be calculated using mole formula as:

1.32 mol of AlCl_3 = \frac{ mass (g)}{133.34 \frac{g}{mol}}

Multiplying both side by 133.34 \frac{g}{mol}

1.32 mole  * 133.34\frac{g}{mol} = \frac{mass (g)}{133.34\frac{g}{mol}} *133.34  \frac{g}{mol}

Mass of AlCl₃ = 176.00 g

Hence mass of AlCl₃ produced by Al is 176.00 g

Step 3) To find mass of product (AlCl₃) formed by Cl₂ :

Same steps will be followed to calculate mass of AlCl₃

a) Find mole of Cl₂

Mole of Cl_2 = \frac{39.0 g}{70.9\frac{g}{mol}}

Mole of Cl₂ = 0.55 mol

b) Mole ratio of Cl₂ : AlCl₃

Mole of Cl₂ in balanced reaction = 3

Mole of AlCl₃ in balanced reaction = 2

Hence mole ratio of AlCl₃ : Cl₂ = 2 : 3

c) To find mole of AlCl₃

Mole of AlCl_3 = mole of Cl_2 * mole ratio

Mole of AlCl_3 = 0.55  mole  * \frac{2}{3}

Mole of AlCl3 = 0.367 mol

d) To find mass of AlCl₃ :

0.367 mol of AlCl_3 = \frac{mass (g) }{133.34 \frac{g}{mol}}

Multiplying both side by

133.34 \frac{g}{mol}

0.367 mol of AlCl_3 * 133.34 \frac{g}{mol}  = \frac{mass(g)}{133.34\frac{g}{mol}}   * 133.34 \frac{g}{mol}

Mass of AlCl₃ = 48.93 g

Hence mass of AlCl₃ produced by Cl₂ = 48.93 g

Step 4) To identify limiting reagent and theoretical yield :

Limiting reagent is the reactant which is totally consumed when the reaction is complete . It is identified as the reactant which produces least yield or theoretical yield of product .

The product AlCl₃ formed by Al = 176.00 g

The product AlCl₃ formed by Cl₂ = 48.93 g

Since Cl₂ is producing less amount of product hence it is limiting reagent and 48.93 g will be considered as Theoretical yield .

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