One of the major limitations of using the ball and stick model for DNA, is that within a single double stranded segment of DNA, one would have to use many many balls to represent atoms that are present in the sugar phosphate backbone, along with all of the main atoms that compose the nitrogenous bases of DNA, we also cannot construct or show the helical form of DNA, by using balls and sticks as well.
We begin by noting that the angle of incidence is the one that's taken with respect to the normal to the surface in question. In this case the angle of incidence is 30. The material is Flint Glass according to the original question. The refractive indez of air n1=1, the refractive index of red in flint glass is nred=1.57, finally for violet in the glass medium is nviolet=1.60. Snell's Law dictates:

Where

differs for each wavelenght, that means violet and red will have different refractive indices in the glass.
In the second figure provided details are given on which are the angles in question,

is the distance between both rays.


At what distance d from the incidence normal will the beams land at the bottom?
For violet we have:

For red we have:

We finally have:
Answer:
A) the maximum acceleration the boulder can have and still get out of the quarry
B) how long does it take to be lifted out at maximum acceleration if it started from rest
Explanation:
A)
let +y is upward. look below at the free body diagram. the mass M refers to the combined mass of the boulder and chain.
the weight of the chain is:
and maximum tension is 
total mass and weight is :


∑



B)
maximum acceleration

using 
to solve for t

