Moment of force. Hope this helped
Answer:

Acceleration, in m/s, of such a rock fragment = 
Explanation:
According to Newton's Third Equation of motion

Where:
is the final velocity
is the initial velocity
a is the acceleration
s is the distance
In our case:

So Equation will become:

Acceleration, in m/s, of such a rock fragment = 
I haven't worked on Part-A, and I don't happen to know the magnitude of the gravitational force that the Sun exerts on the Earth.
But whatever it is, it's exactly, precisely, identical, the same, and equal to the magnitude of the gravitational force that the Earth exerts on the Sun.
I think that's the THIRD choice here, but I'm not sure of that either.
Answer:
x=0.154kg
Explanation:
(x*L)+(0.5kg*4200*50)+(x*4200*(-50)=0
(x*333 000J/kg*c)+(0.5kg*4200J/kg*C*(-40C))+(x*4200J/kg*C*50C)=0