The four distinct charges' combined potentials make up the potential in the square's center. The amount of the charge and the distance from the charge both affect the potential caused by a point charge.
Therefore, the center's total potential is V=4V1=ks4 q.
<h3>What is a charge?</h3>
Due to the physical characteristic of electric charge, charged material experiences a force when it is exposed to an electromagnetic field. An object that has no net charge is said to be neutral. Classical electrodynamics is the name given to an earlier theory of the interactions of charged particles.
You can have positive or negative electric charges (commonly carried by protons and electrons respectively). opposing charges attract one another whereas similar charges repel one another.
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Answer:
Part a: When the road is level, the minimum stopping sight distance is 563.36 ft.
Part b: When the road has a maximum grade of 4%, the minimum stopping sight distance is 528.19 ft.
Explanation:
Part a
When Road is Level
The stopping sight distance is given as
Here
- SSD is the stopping sight distance which is to be calculated.
- u is the speed which is given as 60 mi/hr
- t is the perception-reaction time given as 2.5 sec.
- a/g is the ratio of deceleration of the body w.r.t gravitational acceleration, it is estimated as 0.35.
- G is the grade of the road, which is this case is 0 as the road is level
Substituting values
So the minimum stopping sight distance is 563.36 ft.
Part b
When Road has a maximum grade of 4%
The stopping sight distance is given as
Here
- SSD is the stopping sight distance which is to be calculated.
- u is the speed which is given as 60 mi/hr
- t is the perception-reaction time given as 2.5 sec.
- a/g is the ratio of deceleration of the body w.r.t gravitational acceleration, it is estimated as 0.35.
- G is the grade of the road, which is given as 4% now this can be either downgrade or upgrade
For upgrade of 4%, Substituting values
<em>So the minimum stopping sight distance for a road with 4% upgrade is 528.19 ft.</em>
For downgrade of 4%, Substituting values
<em>So the minimum stopping sight distance for a road with 4% downgrade is 607.59 ft.</em>
As the minimum distance is required for the 4% grade road, so the solution is 528.19 ft.
Measuring the distance to many distant galaxy with a standard candle technique.
Hubble presented the observational evidence for one of science’s greatest discoveries—the expanding universe. Hubble showed that galaxies are receding away from us with a velocity that is proportional to their distance from us: more distant galaxies recede faster than nearby galaxies.
A redshift is an increase in the wavelength, and corresponding decrease in the frequency and photon energy, of electromagnetic radiation.
The standard candle technique is particularly valuable when studying very distant objects. Eventually, the effects of parallax stop working because things get too far away. However, since a standard candle depends on the inverse square law, it can reach much further as a result.
As long as we have instruments that can detect a standard candle and measure its brightness, it can be used to measure a distance.
therefore before measuring the recission velocity one must use standard candle technique to eliminate any parallax
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A chemotroph gains its energy by eating something else
