<h2><u>FORMAT</u><u>ION</u></h2>

Our solar system formed about 4.5 billion years ago from a dense cloud of interstellar gas and dust. The cloud collapsed, possibly due to the shockwave of a nearby exploding star, called a supernova. When this dust cloud collapsed, it formed a solar nebula—a spinning, swirling disk of material

Hope It Helps!
Where the force is not perpendicular to the path of motion
are you missing the the situations ?
Answer:
The magnitude is:
The direction of E is in the negative x-direction.
Explanation:
The electric field equation is:

Where:
- Q is the charge (we can choose the electron or the proton)
- r is the distance (in our case is at the midpoint 973/2 nm)
- k is the Coulomb constant (
)
Using the electron charge (
)
The magnitude is:
The direction of E is in the negative x-direction.
I hope it helps you!
Answer:
I do not know the answer because not all of the information is there.
Explanation:
It is D. An object can acquire a net charge only when charges are transferred to or from it.