One could argue that photosynthesis is the most important chemical reaction of all, since it makes energy from solar energy. Plants are are at the bottom of most food chains, and you get O2 as a side product, which a lot of organisms rely on for respiration and for other chemical reactions.
I hope this helps. I'm not sure if the "passage" has any additional information since you didn't attach it.
Answer:
Explanation:
AlCl₃ forms a dimer in vapor state in order to compensate for the insufficient number of electrons that will make it attain stability in its structure.
Dimerization is a situation in which a molecule of a compound is derived from two identical monomers.
- Dimerization yields very weak/strong intermolecular interaction producing some chemical bonds.
- In the monomeric state, AlCl₃ does not have a complete octet.
- When in the vapor state, they attach to one another to compensate for this deficiency to attain stability.
Explanation:
![E_n=-13.6\times \frac{Z^2}{n^2}eV](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E_n%3D-13.6%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7BZ%5E2%7D%7Bn%5E2%7DeV)
Formula used for the radius of the
orbit will be,
(in pm)
where,
= energy of
orbit
= radius of
orbit
n = number of orbit
Z = atomic number
a) The Bohr radius of an electron in the n = 3 orbit of a hydrogen atom.
Z = 1
![r_3=476.1 pm](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=r_3%3D476.1%20pm)
476.1 pm is the Bohr radius of an electron in the n = 3 orbit of a hydrogen atom.
b) The energy (in J) of the atom in part (a)
![E_n=-13.6\times \frac{Z^2}{n^2}eV](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E_n%3D-13.6%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7BZ%5E2%7D%7Bn%5E2%7DeV)
![E_3=-13.6\times \frac{1^2}{3^2}eV=1.51 eV](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E_3%3D-13.6%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B1%5E2%7D%7B3%5E2%7DeV%3D1.51%20eV)
![1 eV=1.60218\times 10^{-19} Joules](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=1%20eV%3D1.60218%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-19%7D%20Joules)
![1.51 eV=1.51\times 1.60218\times 10^{-19} Joules=2.4210\times 10^{-19} Joules](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=1.51%20eV%3D1.51%5Ctimes%201.60218%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-19%7D%20Joules%3D2.4210%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-19%7D%20Joules)
is the energy of n = 3 orbit of a hydrogen atom.
c) The energy of an Li²⁺ ion when its electron is in the n = 3 orbit.
![E_n=-13.6\times \frac{Z^2}{n^2}eV](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E_n%3D-13.6%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7BZ%5E2%7D%7Bn%5E2%7DeV)
n = 3, Z = 3
![E_3=-13.6\times \frac{3^2}{3^2}eV = -13.6 eV](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E_3%3D-13.6%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7B3%5E2%7D%7B3%5E2%7DeV%20%3D%20-13.6%20eV)
![=-13.6eV = -13.6\times 1.60218\times 10^{-19} Joules=2.179\times 10^{-18} Joules](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=%3D-13.6eV%20%3D%20-13.6%5Ctimes%201.60218%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-19%7D%20Joules%3D2.179%5Ctimes%2010%5E%7B-18%7D%20Joules)
is the energy of an Li²⁺ ion when its electron is in the n = 3 orbit.
d) The difference in answers is due to change value of Z in the formula which is am atomic number of the element..
![E_n=-13.6\times \frac{Z^2}{n^2}eV](https://tex.z-dn.net/?f=E_n%3D-13.6%5Ctimes%20%5Cfrac%7BZ%5E2%7D%7Bn%5E2%7DeV)