4. At what temperature does an engine run cleanest with least wear?

A rigid tank contains an ideal gas at 40°C that is being stirred by a paddle wheel. The paddle wheel does 240 kJ of work on the

Sergeu [11.5K]

To solve the problem it is necessary to consider the concepts and formulas related to the change of ideal gas entropy.

By definition the entropy change would be defined as

$\Delta S = C_p ln(\frac{T_2}{T_1})-Rln(\frac{P_2}{P_1})$

Using the Boyle equation we have

$\Delta S = C_p ln(\frac{T_2}{T_1})-Rln(\frac{v_1T_2}{v_2T_1})$

Where,

$C_p$ = Specific heat at constant pressure

$T_1$ = Initial temperature of gas

$T_2$ = Final temprature of gas

R = Universal gas constant

$v_1$ = Initial specific Volume of gas

$v_2$ = Final specific volume of gas

According to the statement, it is an isothermal process and the tank is therefore rigid

$T_1 = T_2, v_2=v_1$

The equation would turn out as

$\Delta S = C_p ln1-ln1$

Therefore the entropy change of the ideal gas is 0

Into the surroundings we have that

$\Delta S = \frac{Q}{T}$

Where,

Q = Heat Exchange

T = Temperature in the surrounding

Replacing with our values we have that

$\Delta S = \frac{230kJ}{(30+273)K}$

$\Delta S = 0.76 kJ/K$

Therefore the increase of entropy into the surroundings is 0.76kJ/K

8 0

3 years ago

Which metal is used in planes.

wel

Answer:

<h2>Steel</h2>

Explanation:

Steel is the metal that using in planes.

Aluminum and titanium also used in this aircraft industry.

Aluminum is ideal for aircraft manufacture because it's lightweight and strong.

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5 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

An iron-carbon alloy initially containing 0.286 wt% C is exposed to an oxygen-rich and virtually carbon-free atmosphere at 1200°

Fantom [35]

Answer:

Explanation:

Given data:

initial construction co = 0.286 wt %

concentration at surface position cs = 0 wt %

carbon concentration cx = 0.215 wt%

time = 7 hr

$D = 7.5 \times 10^{-11} m^2/s$

for 0.225% carbon concentration following formula is used

$\frac{cx -co}{cs -co} = 1 - erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}})$

where, erf stand for error function

$\frac{cx -co}{cs -co} = \frac{0.215 -0.286}{0 -0.286} =0.248$

$0.248 = 1 - erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}})$

$erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}}) = 1 - 0.248$

$erf(\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}}) = 0.751$

from the table erf(Z) value = 0.751 lie between (z) = 0.80 and z = 0.85 so by inteerpolation we have z = 0.815

from given table

$\frac{x}{2\sqrt{DT}} = 0.815$

$x = 2\times 0.815 \times \sqrt{7.5 \times 10^{-11}\times (7\times 3600)$

$x = 2.39\times 10^{-3} m$

x = 0.002395 mm

8 0

3 years ago

Paint can shaker mechanisms are common in paint and hardware stores. While they do a good job of mixing the paint, they are also

Ymorist [56]

Answer:

A good design for a portable device to mix paint minimizing the shaking forces and vibrations while still effectively mixing the paint. Is:

The best design is one with centripetal movement. Instead of vertical or horizontal movement. With a container and system of holding structures made of materials that could absorb the vibration effectively.

Explanation:

First of all centripetal movement would be friendlier to our objective as it would not shake the can or the machine itself with disruptive vibrations. Also, we would have to use materials with a good grade of force absorption to eradicate the transmission of the movement to the rest of the structure. Allowing the reduction of the shaking forces while maintaining it effective in the process of mixing.

6 0

3 years ago

Should the ship breaking business continue why or why not?

Dmitry [639]

Answer:

Ship-breaking or ship demolition is a type of ship disposal involving the breaking up of ships for either a source of parts, which can be sold for re-use, or for the extraction of raw materials, chiefly scrap. It may also be known as ship dismantling, ship cracking, or ship recycling. Modern ships have a lifespan of 25 to 30 years before corrosion, metal fatigue and a lack of parts render them uneconomical to operate.[1] Ship-breaking allows the materials from the ship, especially steel, to be recycled and made into new products. This lowers the demand for mined iron ore and reduces energy use in the steel making process. Fixtures and other equipment on board the vessels can also be reused. While ship-breaking is sustainable, there are concerns about the use of poorer countries without stringent environmental legislation. It is also labor-intensive, and considered one of the world's most dangerous industries.[2]

In 2012, roughly 1,250 ocean ships were broken down, and their average age was 26 years.[3][4] In 2013, the world total of demolished ships amounted to 29,052,000 tonnes, 92% of which were demolished in Asia. As of January 2020, India has the largest global share at 30%;[5] followed by Bangladesh, China and Pakistan.[6] Alang, India currently has the world's largest ship graveyard,[5] followed by Chittagong Ship Breaking Yard in Bangladesh and Gadani in Pakistan.[6]

The largest sources of ships are states of China, Greece and Germany respectively, although there is a greater variation in the source of carriers versus their disposal.[7] The ship-breaking yards of India, Bangladesh, China and Pakistan employ 225,000 workers as well as providing many indirect jobs. In Bangladesh, the recycled steel covers 20% of the country's needs and in India it is almost 10%.[8]

As an alternative to ship-breaking, ships may be sunk to create artificial reefs after legally-mandated removal of hazardous materials, or sunk in deep ocean waters. Storage is a viable temporary option, whether on land or afloat, though all ships will be eventually scrapped, sunk, or preserved for museums.

6 0

3 years ago